Kinetic energy Essay Example

Dynamic vitality Paper To explore how a stature of a slope influences the speed of a streetcar which goes down it? Speculation: Potential vitality Is vitality in pausing, standing by to be changed over to dynamic vitality or the greatest vitality reclaimable from a framework e. g. the streetcar at the highest point of the slope has the most likely vitality and can be changed over into motor vitality as it is moving down the incline. Active vitality - identifies with the development, of an item. Increasing speed implies getting quicker, Acceleration = change in speed (m/s)/time taken(s). E. g. a speeding up of 2 (m/s)2 implies that the speed increments by 2 m/s consistently. Mass is the manner by which overwhelming an article is, it is estimated in Kg. Gravity is a power which pulls down articles to the ground when they are in mid air, if the items are permitted to fall, they will quicken downwards. Grinding is the power that attempts to stop an item moving and which would have an effect on decreasing the greatest Kinetic vitality an article has. (I got this data from a Longman material science GCSE book) So as the streetcar/vehicle moves down the incline its potential vitality is changed over into Kinetic vitality as the streetcar moves. At the point when the law of protection of vitality is applied. Starter work: Before beginning the trials I took a gander at all the mechanical assembly I will utilize and investigated:â How high should the incline be? I put the slope on a level surface and estimated various statures at first I needed to utilize a tallness of 20 cm yet it was excessively high, and it was hard to work out the speed of the streetcar/vehicle. This is on the grounds that we responded excessively delayed as the vehicle was voyaging excessively quick. We will compose a custom paper test on Kinetic vitality explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Kinetic vitality explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Kinetic vitality explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Toward the end I utilized the statures running from 7cm 17 cm and the tallness of the slope increment 2cm each time by utilizing books as a stature for the incline, at that point I chose to utilize 5 distinctive tallness; 7cm, 9cm, 11cm, 15 cm, and 17 cm. I at that point rehashed the examination multiple times to ensure my outcomes are precise and reliable.â What length should the incline be? I was given a 1. 5 meter wooden board to use as a slope, yet it was hard to precisely time the voyaging vehicle as it went down the incline this caused erroneous outcomes, so I denoted a length of 1meter on the slope, which made it simpler to record my outcomes Expectation: I anticipate that as the tallness of the incline expands, the speed of the streetcar/vehicle will increment. The time taken for the streetcar/vehicle to move from the top to the base of the slope will diminish as the steepness increments. At the point when you put the vehicle at the highest point of the incline and let go gravity will compel it down, its Potential vitality diminishes and its motor vitality expands, its misfortune in potential vitality approaches it gain in dynamic vitality. So PE=KE because of the law of protection in vitality. We can utilize these conditions to turn out to be the way quick and article drops until it hits the ground (speed): PE= mgh, where m - mass, g-speeding up because of gravity, and h-tallness. Motor vitality = 1/2 (mass) x (velocity)2, 1/2 mv2 =mgh or v2 =2gh (when I evacuate the constants, H v2 look beneath) KE= 1/2 mv2 ,where m-mass of the item, and v-is the speed. As you let go of the streetcar/vehicle, the potential vitality will change over to motor vitality PE=KE H v2 This diagram shows that the stature is Proportional to the speed2 of the streetcar/vehicle. PE=KE, in principle this is valid however when letting the streetcar/vehicle go down the slope a portion of the vitality is lost in warmth and grating. This chart shows that as the stature increments so does the speed. Technique: Apparatus: A wooden board (incline), books (utilized as stature of slope), streetcar/vehicle, and a stop watch. 1. I will initially set up the investigation as the chart over 2. Ensure all surfaces are smooth, and make the analysis as reasonable as could be expected under the circumstances (condition, streetcar wheels, and so on). 3. Make a stature for the slope by utilizing books. 4. Put the vehicle at the highest point of the slope. Measure a separation a 1meter length on the incline so when you let go of the streetcar/vehicle you will detail the stop watch when it begins a meter and finishes a meter as the graph underneath 5. Do the examination for six unique sizes. 6. Rehash the examination multiple times. Here are the estimations I utilized; 7cm, 9cm, 11cm, 13cm, 15cm, 17cm, 27cm, 37cm, 47cm, and 57cm. Safety:â Make sure that the zone we work around is alright for the understudies and the test. Ensure no one can or will impede the streetcar/vehicle. Reasonable tests; I will make this examination reasonable by: I will ensure that the earth is ordinary (not breezy) e. g. on the off chance that there is wind while we do our tests the blustery can go about as an additional power to the streetcar/vehicle or it can go about as an obstruction and hinder the speed of the streetcar. I will ensure that the inclines are smooth and no harm is or will be made on them. Ensure I utilize same streetcar consistently, various streetcars may weigh distinctive this to will change the speed the streetcar/vehicle. Ensure I generally have a similar length of incline. Results: Here are the outcomes for my trial: Height Distance Time (sec) 1s second third Average time (sec) 7. There are three segments in the time area; this is on the grounds that I have rehashed my examination multiple times. Utilizing the recipe I can work out the speed of the streetcar/vehicle: Speed = separation/time, from the outcomes above I have drawn another table: Height Speed (m/s) Speed2 (m/s)rom these outcomes I would now be able to plot two diagrams that I hope to see as speed tallness, and speed stature.

Transvestitism Essay Example For Students

Transvestitism Essay Over the most recent couple of decades, there has been a fast change in social demeanor towards supposed sexual issues. There has been a require the opportunity to live in the style of which one picks, insofar as nobody else is hurt all the while. One zone that shows up minimal saw, in any case, is transvestitism, or cross-dressing. So as to increase some information about this marvel, there are numerous parts of transvestitism that ought to be inspected, some being: history, cultural perspectives, the gay versus straight issue, and ladies dressing as men. Transvestitism has a long history, running from legendary figures to medieval holy people who cross-dressed; from the numerous occurrences of berdache in anthropological writing to recorded figures, for example, the most celebrated eighteenth century French transvestite, Chevalier dEon (Bullough, 1993). There are incalculable instances of this in Greek Theater; the open performance center of England, including Shakespearean plays; Kabuki and Noh theaters in Japan, and the Chinese drama. For a considerable length of time, it was viewed as corrupt for ladies to act in theater, so men expected the jobs of female characters. Much after it got worthy for ladies to enter acting, there are numerous instances of crossdressing in film. Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon wore full womens clothing in Some Like It Hot (1959), Cary Grant, in Bringing Up Baby (1938), and Dustin Hoffman in Tootsie (1983). Ladies have been known to get into the crossdressing demonstration in film and theater also, with the job of Peter Pan generally played by a lady. Marlene Detrich and Josephine Baker were likewise known to every so often dress for the phase in full tuxedo, top cap and tails notwithstanding. All the more as of late, cross-dressing has been seen in mainstream society, with, among numerous others, drag diva RuPaul, the film, The Crying Game (1992), and, for instance of female to male crossdressing, vocalist Madonna. This gives a feeling that transvestitism and performing are interrelated, not only generally or socially, yet psychoanalytically, through the oblivious and through language. (Garber, 1992)To Marjorie Garber, this speaks to a thought that there is an expectation to this conduct, since the basic subject crosses such a significant number of limits, including time. It seems as though society is open minded of cross-dressing for expressions purpose. Be that as it may, shouldn't something be said about cross-dressing in ordinary life?Webster (1972) characterizes transvestitism as the appropriation of the dress and regularly conduct of the other gender. Appears to be sufficiently innocuous. Why, at that point are most cross-dressers cryptic about their friendship for this? As indicated by Dr. Peggy Rudd (1995), most are clandestine, on the grounds that they have numerous feelings of trepidation identified with the outcomes of having their huge mystery found. As a rule, non-members don't think about transvestitism, socially adequate. Many cross-dressers dread the unfavorable impacts upon other relatives, and many are worried about the chance of losing their employment because of coming out. Some cross-dressers feel remorseful in light of the fact that society has set them into generalizations, including the inaccurate presumption that every single cross-dresser are gay, or that all transvestites are potential transsexuals. In actuality, while some are gay, most cross-dressers need to impart their life to a lady, and the quantity of gay guys is far less among crossdressers than among everybody (Rudd, 1995). Most recognize principally as a male who has, and holds, male sexual orientation character. Regularly they are hitched, and the dad of kids. ( Ruler, 1971) This in itself presents the subject of whether to tell companions, as well as, their youngsters about this. Many don't, out of dread of being viewed as degenerate, and maybe losing those generally dear to them. It is a characteristic thing for cross-dressers to need to impart all of themselves to those they love, yet as there is danger of dismissal, many decide to hold up until they feel good that the hazard has decreased, or stay quiet about it for eternity. Dread isn't the main purpose behind the mystery showed by transvestites. Many have sentiments of disgrace. As indicated by Garber (1992), many cross-dressers start right off the bat throughout everyday life. Frequently they are told it isn't right to communicate ladylike qualities as a male, regardless of how regular it might appear, and hence start to veil the conduct. Numerous individuals pass on the conviction that the cross-dresser needs advising or mental treatment to discover a solution for this unusual conduct (Rudd, 1995). Because of this, the prevailing appointed authority and jury is habitually found from others instead of from inside the person. Reasonable Homicide At The Hands Of The State EssayGarber (1995) accepts that transvestitism has gotten increasingly common in the media in light of the fact that the present jobs of people in the public eye, maleness and femaleness and character, are for the most part especially under inquiry. More ladies are laying down the law, and more men are turning out to be more hand on with kid raising. In spite of the fact that this might be valid, it seems as though a lady expecting qualities of a man is significantly more acknowledged than that of the converse. During the 1950s, Mary Tyler Moore caused a lot of discussion by wearing Capri pants on The Dick Van Dyke Show, and that being said was permitted by the studio to wear them during just a single scene for every show. During the 1970s, ladies revolted from run of the mill sex jobs by consuming their bras, frequently observed as an image of sexual orientation limitation. These are only two instances of how ladies have changed perspect ives hugely throughout the years. It is presently normal for ladies to receive customary male dress for regular wear. It is an uncommon twofold norm, with ladies being acknowledged in this conduct, and regularly even energized for breaking sexual orientation boundaries, though men despite everything are most certainly not. Fetishistic cross-dressing in ladies, in any case, is so uncommon it is practically nonexistent (Stoller, 1992).Dr. Stoller did broad research regarding the matter, and had the option to site just one contextual analysis where Gutheil (1930) revealed of a lady who conceded getting sexual delight from the wearing of male clothing. The lady guaranteed that: Simply getting into my suit can incite a climax The transvestiture has a far more prominent delight an incentive in my eyes than any intercourse, and I could without much of a stretch swear off the last for the previous. As recently expressed, this case is an uncommon documentation of such. Most ladies considered sited comfort as the principle purpose behind leaning toward male attire to female (Stoller, 1992). Sexual joy was only sometimes a factor. This might be one reason for the before referenced twofold norm. Individuals for the most part don't see ladies wearing mens garments as sexual in nature, consequently it isn't viewed as freak, and in this way increasingly acknowledged. There has all the earmarks of being a few aspects to transvestitism that might be disregarded from the outset. It is the subject of much contention, and clashing perspectives. Since the beginning, society has grasped cross-dressing as workmanship, be that as it may, evaded it in ordinary life.This might be seen as tricky, particularly with todays progressively liberal and tolerating perspectives. Transvestitism is by all accounts a subtle lifestyle, yet is still seen all in all as freak conduct. Rehearsing men regularly still want to keep it mystery from even those generally near them, so as not to hazard criticism and conceivable devastation to their business and individual lives. Absence of comprehension and sympathy might be to blame, and it looks as though time has done little to change this. It appears as though the familiar maxim when in doubt refrain from interfering is very suitable for this way of life. Shockingly, a large portion of society still can't seem to embrace this view. Bibliography:Works CitedBullough, Vern. A Comparative Study of Male Transvestites, Male toFemale Transsexuals, and Male Homosexuals 1993. URL: http://www.tgguide.com/Library/Psych_Abstracts/comparst.txt. Garber, Marjorie. (1992). Personal stakes: Cross-Dressing Cultural Anxiety. New York, NY: Routledge, Chapman Hall. Gilbert, Matthew. What A Drag: Is Cross-Dressing Crossing Over to theMainstream? Boston Globe 21 March 1993. URL: http://ezinfo.ucs.indiana.edu/mberz/ttt/articles/what-a-drag. Merriam-Webster. (1972) Websters Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA: G C Merriam Co. Sovereign, Virginia. (1971) How To Be A Woman Though Male. Princeton, MA. Chavalier Books. Rudd, Peggy J., Ed.D. (1995) Crossdressers: And Those Who Share Their Lives. Katy, TX: PM Publishers, Inc. Stoller, Robert J, M.D. Transvestism in Women FEMINET, 1992. URL: http://www.tgguide.com/Library/Psych_Abstracts/tvwomen.txt.

The City On A Hill

The City On A Hill People often find it shocking when I say it, but if MIT was in Illinois, I wouldnt have *matriculated. Though the MIT campus within itself offers 57334534923 (not a hyperbole) convincing reasons to attend, to me, one of the most important aspects of being here is the world directly outside MIT. The M, if you will. After graduating, I kind of felt like Frank Sinatra in New York, New York: these vagabond shoes were longing to stray. Living one hour away from Chicago, it would not have satisfied my shoes to go to school there. Not one bit. But if it was anywhere in Illinois except directly in Chicago, Id continue to suffer from my high school case of little town blues thats just not worth it to me. Hey, we all have our priorities. Luckily, its not in Chicago. Its in Massachusetts, and not a day has gone by without me thinking TGI Boston (even though were actually in Cambridge) at least once. This is because Boston is an unbelievably cool city. From the music scene to the history and diversity and proximity of other schools and even New York, nothing disappoints. Someone asked yesterday if anyone at MIT could cross-register at Harvard. The answer is yes. People usually go to Harvard for language classes, but its definitely not limited to that. Students can take anything less than half of their units there each semester. There are also opportunities for cross-registration at Wellesley (yes, even boys), the Massachusetts College of Art and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts. The availability of cross-registration here is definitely near the top of the List of Things I Love About MIT (or at least it would be, if such a list actually existed). I really love the idea of studying at another school because, well, I love learning about different cultures, and cultures arent just limited to countries or regions, but cities and schools as well. Its also a good way to expose yourself to different teaching styles, get off campus and meet students from other schools. Speaking of other schools, this morning as I was riding the T to that other school I take a class at, I remembered what it was like to live in a place without public transportation. I come from a place where even the most dedicated environmentalists often have no choice but to drive. I happen to hate driving for more reasons than one, so coming to a city with a Subway system like this is like heaven. And the fact is that a lot of times, you dont even need the Subway because Boston is small and walkable (walkable cities are also runnable, which is really great. Im still amazed at the number of runners there are in the city year-round. Its fantastic). But it gets cold and the Harvard Bridge is pretty harsh, so the buses and trains are the way to get where you want to go. By itself, I think the T is kind of expensive, but MIT offers student discounts on Charlie Cards that make it much more worth your money. I urge you all, when deciding where to go to school, to consider how important location is to you, and possibly how important it *should* be (Im trying really hard not to preach, but I do think its good for everyones sanity to be able to get off campus once in awhile). When doing college visits, dont just see the campus, but the surrounding area as well. After all, youre more than students. Youre people, and sanity often demands something other than school :) *This is the very first thing MIT ever taught me. A new vocabulary word. Post Tagged #cross-registration

Essay about Assisted Suicide Should Be Option - 1882 Words

Lauren Bacall once said, â€Å"A man’s illness is his private territory and, no matter how much he loves you and how close you are, you stay an outsider. You are healthy.† This quote makes the point that no one knows exactly what someone with an incurable illness is going through. We are all outsiders. So, who is to say, for example, physician assisted suicide should be illegal? If a person has the constitutional right to live then a person should have the right to choose to die on his own terms. Also, if a person that is terminally ill chooses to opt for assisted suicide, the potential for vital organs to be saved is much greater. As the sickness starts to take over many patients become too ill to do daily activities on their own but, with†¦show more content†¦It also has many other health benefits for other people as well. Currently it is legal in four places among the world, Oregon, Washington, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. The parameters of assisted suicide are different in every state or country. For example, Oregon’s law states that the patient must be terminally ill two physicians must have consulted with the patient, and that the patient must make repeated requests for assisted suicide to qualify. Many other countries do not outlaw assisted suicide but rather have no laws against them at all. However, physicians may face other charges if they do this in certain areas that don’t consider assisted suicide. If physician assisted suicide was pronounced legal in all states many laws could be constructed to respect the rights of the doctors, the patients, and their families. It would be easy for law makers to construct specific laws so that assisted suicide is not something just anyone could obtain. The Declaration of Independence phrases, â€Å"Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happines s†. So, if a person has the right to live they should have the right to choose death as well. Many activists fought for other freedoms such as freedom of religion and the right to bear arms; the right to choose one’s own death should be no different. It’s an issue that hasn’t been thoroughly considered. If people will fight for other freedoms, they should fight for this one as well. Everyone should have theShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide Should Be Option1691 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted Suicide Should Be Option Lauren Bacall once said, â€Å"A man’s illness is his private territory and, no matter how much he loves you and how close you are, you stay an outsider. You are healthy.† This quote makes the point that no one knows exactly what someone with an incurable illness is going through. We are all outsiders. So, who is to say, for example, physician assisted suicide should be illegal? If a person has the constitutional right to live then a person should have the right to chooseRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be A Last Option1347 Words   |  6 PagesControlling Your Body: Physician-Assisted Suicide A total of five states: Montana, California, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington, allow for their residents to have a relatively simple way to die before naturally suffering to death with a terminally ill condition. Physician-assisted death is â€Å"providing terminally ill patients with a potentially lethal prescription that they could ingest on their own to relieve otherwise intractable suffering by directly hastening death† (â€Å"Existing ‘Last Resorts’†).Read MoreWhy Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be An Available And Accessible Option For Patients1551 Words   |  7 Pagespaper, I will argue that physician assisted suicide should be an available and accessible option for patients that are opting to end their lives on their own terms. Choosing to utilize physician assisted suicide can decrease pain and suffering, allow a person to die with dignity and independence by not feeling that they are becoming a burden on their family, and prevent a person from dying alone. Some of the reasons people are against physician assisted suicide include their personal religious beliefsRead MoreAssisted Suicide Should Be Legal Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe process of assisted suicide, or physician-assisted death, is a hotly debated topic that still remains at the forefront of many national discussions today. Assisted suicide can be described as the suicide of patient by a physician-prescribed dose of legal drugs. The reason that this topic is so widely debated is that it infringes on several moral and religious values that many people in the United States have. But, regardless of the way that people feel, a person’s right to live is guaranteedRead MoreIs Physician Assisted Suicide A Good Idea?1464 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide a Good Idea? Imagine having a relative with a terminal illness; perhaps this person feels that his only option is assisted-suicide. Now, put yourself into his shoes. Would you choose to live the rest of your days in pain, or would you choose to die with a sense of dignity? Physician-assisted suicide has been prohibited for many years. Numerous physicians have given their input on the subject, enlightening a multitude of people on the fundamentals of assisted-suicide. OthersRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is Not A Beneficial Treatment For Medical Patients1350 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide Imagine having a relative with a terminal illness; perhaps this person feels that their only option is assisted-suicide. Now, put yourself into their shoes. Would you choose to live the rest of your days in pain, or would you choose to die with a sense of dignity? Physician-assisted suicide has been prohibited for many years and many physicians have given their input on the subject, enlightening many on the fundamentals of assisted-suicide; others have stated their opinionsRead MoreEssay on Physician Assisted Suicide903 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide/dying (PAD) is it good or bad? PAD is referred to when physician provides patients who are terminally ill with prescriptions of a lethal dose of medication, upon the patient’s request, which the patient intends to use to end their own life (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2011); another option that is close to physician assisted suicide is Euthanasia. Euthanasia is the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as personsRead MoreEssay about Outlaw Euthanasia and Assisted Suicides1472 Words   |  6 PagesOutlaw Euthanasia and Assisted Suicides The people of the world today are constantly slammed with problems. There’s overpopulated countries, starving children, incurable diseases, and poverty. There’re drunk drivers on the road, burglars in our homes, and teenagers on the streets. No matter how many positive aspects you can think of for our world, these problems and many more exist. You can try to block them out, or you can strive to make them better. My proposal is to end euthanasia andRead MoreThe Debate Of Assisted Suicide1747 Words   |  7 Pages The topic of assisted suicide is very controversial and is heavily debated upon all around the world. While physician assisted suicide is only legal in the Netherlands, Switzerland, and a few states in the U.S., it is illegally practiced widely by physicians and nurses, such as Dr. Jack Kevorkian. I first heard of physician assisted suicide when the death of Dr. Kevorkian, an assisted suicide advocate and a suicide aid, was on the news in 2011. Kevorkian assist ed in the suicide of many patientsRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1629 Words   |  7 Pagespeacefully is a valuable option that every human should be able to make for themselves. For those with terminal illnesses or major health problems, assisted suicide creates options to reduce the amount of suffering the patient must enduring. Dying with dignity could be beneficial for not only the person who is dying, but also the person’s family and loved ones. This option, however, is often viewed as unethical and immoral throughout society. Physician-assisted suicide offers an option for those with health

Solving Back Pain with Stem Cell Therapy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1029 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Biology Essay Level High school Topics: Stem Cell Essay Did you like this example? Back pain is one of the most common complaints doctors hear from their patients. While there are many treatments available, stem cell treatment for back pain is quickly becoming a viable option. Stem cells are able to help rebuild joint cartilage, tendons, ligaments and muscle tissue, all of which help strengthen the back and relieve pain. Doctors are even able to take stem cells from the patient and inject them into the back, allowing the patient’s body to heal itself. A wide range of back pain issues and illnesses can be helped or even cured with stem cell therapy. Years of development has led to few clinical studies, but the limited research has shown great promise. As time goes on, more clinical trials will be performed and costs will go down, making stem cell therapy a very good option for those suffering from back pain. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Solving Back Pain with Stem Cell Therapy" essay for you Create order Back Pain Conditions That Can Be Alleviated with Stem Cells Many different chronic pain issues can be solved using stem cells. Two of the most common ailments that have been helped and even cured with stem cell therapy include degenerative disc disease and spinal facet disease. Degenerative disc disease – The spine is made of a series of discs, all connected with cartilage between each one. Degeneration of the cartilage between the discs is a normal occurrence of life for everyone. However, a patient with disc degeneration experiences loss of disc material and disc cartilage much faster than the body can regenerate it. With stem cell treatment, this material can be rebuild at a quicker pace, making up for what has been lost. Spinal facet disease – A similar back pain issue, spinal facet disease affects a different area of the spine in a similar way. The spine features a series of facet joints on the left and right side of each spinal segment. These facets help with stability and strength of the back. Spinal facet disease breaks down the cells in these facets quicker than they can regenerate. Using stem cells, the healing process can be kickstarted into high gear, repairing the lost material and restoring strength and stability in the patient. How do Stem Cell Help Treat Back Pain? Stem cells are everywhere in the body, even in the areas like diseased joints. These stem cells wait until nearby cells die, then take their place and mimic the nearby cells. When a few spine cells die, there should be enough stem cells to replenish the total cells needed. However, when a degenerative disease hits these joints, the body cannot keep up with the demand of replenishment. This is where stem cells come in. Pulling stem cells from elsewhere in the body, doctors can carefully inject them right into the precise location where they are needed most. These cells will then quickly become new material for the spine, helping alleviate pain and reverse the damage. What is the Process of Stem Cell Therapy for Back Pain? Despite the high-tech treatment, stem cell procedures are fairly simple. In fact, a procedure of stem cell therapy can be performed in as little as one hour, and most patients only need an outpatient visit to a doctor to get the treatment. First, a doctor sources the adult stem cells directly from the patient. Usually this is done by taking stem cells from bone marrow or platelet-rich blood plasma, right from the patient’s own body. Next, the stem cell injections go right into the patient’s back, precisely where they are needed. Using a needle injection and ultrasound cameras, the doctors can place the stem cells right into the exact place where they will do the most good. This ensures that as many stem cells as possible will go to work repairing the back as efficiently as possible. Finally, over the course of a few weeks, or even a few days, the stem cells go to work mimicking the cells in their new surroundings. While the body will keep losing healthy cells due to the degenerative disease, the stem cells will easily make up for the losses and help rebuild what is needed. Most doctors have seen that the best results come from 2 or 3 rounds of stem cell therapy injections to ensure long term repair. What Kind of Results Can A Patient Expect? As of right now, there are limited clinical trials for stem cell therapy for back pain. Although patient results will vary,, most patients report positive results over the course of a few weeks after a few rounds of treatment. As stem cell therapy continues to be used for healing of all kinds of health issues, more clinical trials will be performed and more positive results are expected. Most notably, professional athletes have been known to experience great relief from ailments due to stem cell therapy. Professional Golfers like Tiger Woods and Jack Nicklaus have experienced back issues due to their many years of golfing. Both have reportedly turned to stem cell therapy for their back pain and managed to gain better range of motion and less pain due to the treatments. Nicklaus has even said that stem cell therapy has worked better for him than any other treatment or surgery. Stem cell therapy is seen as a very safe option for nearly any degenerative disease or injury where cartilage, tendons, ligaments, or muscle tissue has been damaged. Seeing as the stem cells come straight from the patient’s own bone marrow and blood, there is no risk of the body rejecting the injections. Possibly the most amazing part is that the patient’s body is used as the tool for healing itself. Stem cell treatment for back pain is still in its early years, but everything is looking positive at this point. Most patients report great results, there are very few opportunities for complications, the procedure can be done quickly and costs are quickly coming down. Over time, more tests will be performed and insurance carriers will come on board to cover part or all of the costs. If you are looking for pain relief from your back issues, stem cell therapy may be the perfect solution to bring you body back to 100 percent.

Nationalisation of Mines in South Africa - 3122 Words

30 September 201111 Word Count: 2500 Kopano Seopela 608S2360 08 Fall SA Economy: Nationalising South Africa’s Mining Sector Kopano Seopela 608S2360 Luyanda Period 3 (09.25) SA Economy: Nationalising South Africa’s Mining Sector Economics 314 30 September 2011 Abstract The purpose of the essay sets out to look at the concept of nationalisation, research it and discuss whether it is an applicable strategy to implement into South African policy. The importance of the essay is to highlight the future economic outcomes which could incur in South Africa should it be adopted and also look at possible alternative strategies instead of nationalisation. The issue was addressed by making use of lecture notes, unpublished speech addressed,†¦show more content†¦The ANC believed that nationalisation would be the key factor of its economic policy reform. However after much international research, this idea was abandoned due to the overwhelming failures of nationalisation implementations abroad. The call for nationalisation has brought upon frantic debate since its re-emergence in recent times. Many observers agree that nationalisation appears to have few positives attached to it but many negatives to it rendering it as a potential economic failure. Why Is Nationalisation Needed? South Africa is regarded to have one of the world’s most unequal societies. Looking at Gini-Coefficients, â€Å"The dispersion of income and wealth between the rich and the poor is one of the most uneven in the world (Bisekker, 2010).† This means that South Africa is drifting towards perfect inequality. With job creation on a decline, unemployment steadily rising, and inequality gap worsening, the call for nationalisation by Julius Malema (2009) is sought to allow every South African to benefit from mines, which are owned and run by the State government. In nationalising the mining sector in South Africa, the State government believes it would have the capabilities of attracting labour-intensive mining industrialists who will process mineral resources and diversify the South African economy. Advantages of Nationalisation Currently in the post-Apartheid era, South Africa hasn’t achievedShow MoreRelatedMining Industry2024 Words   |  9 Pagesnatural resources which are restricted because of the natural distribution and strict laws and regulations (Energy Business Daily, 2010). Government intervention in the mining industry includes direct and indirect taxes, royalty arrangements, nationalisation and economic empowerment policies, as well as regulatory compliance with environmental and other government standards and business criteria. A wide variety of government interventions pose a real threat to commodity prices, corporate valuationsRead MoreSocio-Economic Inequality in South Africa is Due to the Institutionalised Ideological Mismatch Regarding Labour and Economic Policy1665 Words   |  7 PagesSocio-economic inequality in South Africa is due to the institutionalised ideological mismatch regarding labour and economic policy Economic growth is shaped by policy context and promoted most effectively when it is consistent with either liberal market or co-ordinated market ideal type varieties of Capitalism. Policy inconsistency dampers economic growth post-apartheid South Africa attempted to adopt a social-democratic and co-ordinated variety of Capitalism. This failed due to the adoptionRead MoreEdexcel Igcse Economics Answer49663 Words   |  199 Pagesvery time-consuming to produce, as a result it is difficult to increase supply at short notice. However, given more time, gold producers may be able to supply more. For example, they may be able find new viable reserves and employ more resources to mine it profitably. Answers: Section A: The Market System (c) When the price of gold rises from P1 to P2 in Figure 5, there is no change in the quantity of gold supplied. The supply of gold in this case is perfectly inelastic. This means that itRead MoreGlobalization or Glocalisation? Networks, Territories and Rescaling12782 Words   |  52 Pagesengulfed the Great Lakes region in Central Africa conï ¬ rms how the image of a global village is but a simulacrum of a reality. While indicating a reduced global interdependency, it also shows the total disintegration of a region that until fairly recently (mid–1970s) was connected to other parts of the world in a myriad of ways. Sub-Saharan Africa would no doubt beneï ¬ t from some form of greater global integration. To put it in the old language, today, much of Africa does not even have the luxury any moreRead MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pagesof this sector, especially if the raw material is unsuitable for sale or difficult to transport long distances.[1] Primary industry is a larger sector in developing countries; for instance, animal husbandry is more common in Africa than in Japan.[2] Mining in 19th century South Wales is a case study of how an economy can come to rely on one form of business.[3] Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canadas

Withholding and Withdrawing Medical Treatment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Withholding and Withdrawing Medical Treatment. Answer: Introduction: Autonomy of a patient who is experiencing a terminal condition cannot be considered. The Health professionals have the solemn duty of saving lives and not the opposite. When a health worker comes across a patient, then such patient can be enthused and motivated to fight against all the odds. The patient can be assured that the doctors are with him and all this family member will fight alongside him for his recovery. Respecting human dignity is at the same time a violation of being righteousness and the aspects of religion also comes into consideration. It is also important to mention that euthanasia is the deliberate act of ending a person's life in order to relieve the pain and suffering. For example- if a doctor administers an overdose of a drug to a patient suffering from a terminal illness and the overdose of a drug serve as a muscle relaxant that will end the life of the patient (NHS.uk., 2018). Euthanasia is not legal in Australia; however, Victoria became the first state in Au stralia that has legalised Euthanasia (the Guardian, 2018). The main question here is why the autonomy of a person will be considered who is in a terminal condition? Euthanasia is actually administering an overdose of the drug to a patient who is suffering from a terminal illness and the drug acts as a muscle relaxant. The withdrawal of the medical treatment is same for the patient for a patient that has either experienced a shock from an accident or is suffering from a terminal illness (Sanchini, Nardini Boniolo, 2014). The outcome of both the step leads to the death of the patient and thus both can be considered as a potential way of ending a patients life. Thus, legalising the euthanasia and the various associated steps involved with the euthanasia, it is also important to note that the withdrawal of euthanasia is a potential form of euthanasia that does not involve the administration of an overdose of a drug, but however it leads to the death of the patient (Reichlin, 2014). For example, a terminal ill patient that has already expressed his desire that if he will ever encounter a situation, where there is no chance to return back to normal l ife. Then life support services must be withdrawn from him. This is similar to the administering euthanasia to the terminally ill patient. The final outcome is actually the death of the patient and thus withdrawal of life-supporting services and administering euthanasia is all the same. From the global perspective, it can be derived that euthanasia is legalized in the several countries like Japan, South Korea, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and the in certain US states like California, Washington, Montana, Vermont, Hawaii, Colorado, Oregon and Washington. In Australia it is not legalized as a whole, however, the state of Victoria has legalized euthanasia. Thus it can be said that not every nation is for legalizing the euthanasia (the Guardian 2018). Conclusion Thus, from the above debate, it can be concluded that the ethical principles that lie underneath the withdrawal of the medical treatment and the active euthanasia are altogether the same. Legalizing euthanasia will also involve the legalizing the withdrawal at the same time. Reference NHS.uk. (2018). Euthanasia and assisted suicide. nhs.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/euthanasia-and-assisted-suicide/ Reichlin, M. (2014). On the ethics of withholding and withdrawing medical treatment. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 9(1), 39. Sanchini, V., Nardini, C., Boniolo, G. (2014). The withholding/withdrawing distinction in the end-of-life debate. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine, 9(1), 13. the Guardian. (2018). Euthanasia and assisted suicide laws around the world. the Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/17/euthanasia-assisted-suicide-laws-world

Manufacturing Case Study free essay sample

Those cases that could be settled with a face-to-face talk between HR and the employee now have to be resolved through grievance procedures between the union and the HR department. At the same time, HR professionals find that enforcing employee policies are sometimes easier in a union shop, because unionized workers tend to be more familiar with the rules, according to the Society for Human Resources Management (SHRM). Safety †¢Safety awareness is a major HR issue in manufacturing, because of the considerable risks for jobrelated injuries or fatalities. In an office, someone might trip over a file cabinet. Here, people can get pulled into the machines and lose arms or legs. People can get killed,† HR Manager Kristi Schmidlap tells SHRM. Human Resource specialists devote a considerable amount of time in training employees to be proactive in keeping their work areas safe. HR departments have to be diligent in enforcing safety policies, such as dress-codes in factories, where long fingernails and hair represent danger among workers using heavy machinery. We will write a custom essay sample on Manufacturing Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Human Resource employees also have to set examples, by consistently wearing hardhats, goggles and safety boots, when they walk through the plant. Communication †¢Most laborers in a manufacturing plant do not have computers or desks, which eliminates emails and on-line publications as methods of disseminating information. Instead, HR professionals must rely on bulletin board postings, notices stapled to paychecks or employee meetings. With three shifts in operation, the HR representative must schedule 5:30 A. M. essions to ensure that the third shift hears the same message as their first- and second-shift peers. HR departments spend more time explaining common policies than their counterparts in white-collar companies, because manufacturing employees cannot access handbooks and guides that are published on the Internet. This means more interaction between HR employees and the general workforce, especially during benefits enrollment periods, when factory employees who do not have access to company computers, need HR’s guidance in entering their selections on-line.

Eddie Carbones Tragic Hero Qualities Essays

Eddie Carbones Tragic Hero Qualities Essays Eddie Carbones Tragic Hero Qualities Paper Eddie Carbones Tragic Hero Qualities Paper Eddie Carbone is one of the main characters in Arthur Millers A View From A Bridge. Within the production Eddie is seen as from a warm loving man into an over-protective uncle, jealous over his Nieces own love for an immigrant known as Rodolfo, thus turning into a love triangle and leading to the death of himself. Was this his own fault or was it due to the actions of someone else?  Eddie Carbones Tragic Hero Qualities:  Within the play A View From The Bridge Eddie Carbone after being killed can be related as being a tragic hero. At the beginning this can be seen in the way he cares for his niece as if she was his own love, when trying to prevent her from taking a job with a big plumbing company he uses quotes such as What job? Shes gonna finish school and I want you to be in a nice office. Maybe a lawyers as relating to Alfieri, the plays own lawyer. This to begin with can be one of the reasons to it being down to Eddie himself who caused his downfall, as when Rodolfo comes into the limelight he again over protects and in a way gets jealous when the two fall in love. Eddie immediately presumes that Rodolfo, who in fact is one of many illegal immigrants from Sicily, is only getting together with Catherine so he can get married and become a true citizen. In doing so this rages Eddie and without thinking calls upon the immigration office to take the family, who is spending there stay at his own home, away. Because of this Marco, one of the other immigrants, gets into a scuffle with Eddie resulting in Marco turning Eddies own knife upon him and killing him. This could be one of the first reasons relating Eddie to a tragic hero as he died for what he believed in. Before all of this Beatrice his wife explains to him what he had done and what could happen to the Sicilians, heroically Eddie tries to throw the lead off the immigrants and although failing to turn the tide back, this is seen as one of the more nice things he did. Eddies relationship and attitude to Rodolfo:  Throughout the play Eddie and Rodolfo dont seem to get on with one another despite a bright entry when it seems to the audience that Eddie is protecting the immigrants from his wife Beatrice, who is annoyed at the fact that they came early, leaving no time to prepare and be the good host. Despite this start, as soon as Rodolfo and Cathy get together tension seems to grip the air and the feud finally starts. Along with insults over his girlish camp looks Eddie also picks upon Rodolfos Paper Doll singing and what seems to be complete opposite male behaviour, as Eddie quotes Hes like a chorus girl or sumpm. As he begins to become more and more protective, Eddie trys to teach Rodolfo a thing or two about boxing trying to show to Cathy that hes not a stud unlike himself, leaving the question open to the audience, Does Eddie have a secret love for his own niece? After seeming to try to show off to Catherine. As the play goes on Eddie become more and more agitated resulting in the immigration offices coming, due to the fault of Eddie being to over-protective or in love with Catherine. This seems to be his own fatal flaw, and shows how really domineering Eddie is, not only bossing Beatrice around but also Cathy and her love.  Eddies relationship with Catherine:  A very stereotypical man he is, Eddie because of judging Rodolfo on his ways of life is hated by Catherine. There attitude towards one another can be seen at the start as Eddie refuses to agree with the fact that she has nearly agreed to a job as a secretary which Eddie sees as unfit for a women and below her standards.

Causes and Impacts of the French Revolution Research Paper

Causes and Impacts of the French Revolution - Research Paper Example However, the long period of revolution had positive impacts for the country as the citizens acquired equal rights and terminated the oppressive regimes that had continuously oppressed the rights of the public. It marked an end for unreasonable tax policies, oppression of peasants, and the decline of dictatorship. From this perspective, the French revolution was an expression of the political, financial and social crisis that had affected the country, and its results contributed to a positive transformation of France. The looming financial crisis in France was a major contributor to the events that occurred during the French revolution. By the end of 1789, France was in great debt and the country was already heading to the worst financial crisis. The country’s debts were as a result of the country’s participation in the Seven years’ war and the American Revolution war (De Tocqueville 12-19). The government of France had invested in the war and the country was already in a financial crisis at the time the war ended. Besides, the government was spendthrift and the country resources were used extravagantly. Consequently, the government was under pressure to devise ways to alleviate the crisis and fund its extravagant spending. The king was in fear that it would soon become hard to run the government if new strategies of the financial collection were no passed. When the government introduced burdensome tax policies, the Peasants were resistant and felt that the regime was becoming unbearable. The social activists mobilized the public to resist these changes. What followed was resistance to pay taxes as the peasants felt the need to fight for a fairer society which would be the government with economic balance. Therefore, an oppressive tax policy was the trigger that initiated the French revolution.

Rise in Corporate Debts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rise in Corporate Debts - Essay Example The continuous increase in corporate debt has direct impacts on the financial health of any given sector and by extension other sectors of an economy. Companies with large amounts of debts are susceptible during economic recessions because their debts cannot be reduced or paid back easily. As a result, such companies are forced to limit their investments significant to their going concern in the markets (Talley 1). This may also call for downsizing of its human resource causing inefficiency in operations in both the short and the long run. These actions would result in a diminished overall productivity of a company. Moreover, it would also contribute towards an economic downturn as capital goods orders reduce and laid-off workers cut back purchases. When heavily indebted companies succumb to the economic pressures, and the financial crisis persists, bankruptcy sets in. this leads to potentially large losses and costs to creditors, employees and all stakeholders. In addition, the article states that the likely cause of the increase in corporate debt is driven by weak balance sheets owned by several companies. In addition, weak levels of profitability have prompted firms to borrow in order to sustain their basic operations (Talley 1). According to research conducted by global banking group, the high-yield corporate issuances of loans in Europe increased by 50% as compared to the year 2012. Some of these loans were issued to riskiest terms in relation to their economic operations. These business organizations’ financial health can be measured using leverage, liquidity and their overall solvency. In these corporations, leverage is defined as the ration of a company’s debt to its long-run earnings capacity. Companies with high debt levels as compared to their ability to earn profitable are vulnerable to the global economic troubles. Liquidity refers to a business organization’s ability to clear its debt obligations relative t o their long-term profitability. Low liquidity in a firm leads to difficulties in meeting debt repayment obligations. Solvency indicates the corporate health status of a firm that includes capital, revenue, profitability, leverage and liquidity. These characteristics explain reasons for

Attitude and behavior towards internet shopping

Attitude and behavior towards internet shopping Studies on factors determining consumer attitude and behavior towards Internet shopping: Most of the studies conducted in the recent years in field of online shopping behavior and attitude have been focusing on the factors influencing the online shopping attitudes and behavior. But, different researchers have diverse opinions and focus, while studying the impact of these factors on the online consumer buying behavior and attitudes. For example, there is a segment of researchers who have tried to explain the consumer attitude and intentions for online shopping by taking theories like Theory of Reasoned Action, Technology acceptance model or Theory of Planned Behaviour as a basis and have tried to extend them further by adding more web specific factors to them(Cheung, Zhu, Kwong, Gloria, and Limayem, 2003), whereas there has been another segment who have derived relationships between various factors and customer satisfaction with reference to the Internet shopping experience in the form of dependent and independent variables. Further, there have been researchers who have f urther organized and compiled the previous researches done in this field so as to pave way for future researches. These researchers have also contributed in terms of designing structured frameworks for online consumer attitude, intention and buying behavior. Web experience The literature review done by Constantinides (2004) helps in identifying the web experience components and their role as the first step in shaping the online consumers behavior. He has added web experience as a controllable element in his model depicting factors that influence the online buying behavior. He has further explained web experience factor by classifying it in three sub-categories which are the building blocks of the web experience. These three sub-categories are Functionality factors (usability and Interactivity), Psychological factors (trust) and Content factors (aesthetics and Marketing Mix). The following figure as adopted from his article presents a brief description of the number of references in support of each of these factors: Source: Constantinides, E.(2004). Influencing the online consumers behavior: the web experience. Journal of Internet Research. Vol 14 No.2, pp. 114, figure 2. Literature review Li and Zhang (2002, p.508) have defined online buying behavior or Internet shopping/buying behavior as the process of purchasing products or services via the Internet; which according to Liang and Lai (2000), is similar to the traditional five steps process of consumer buying behavior (as cited by Li and Zhang, 2002). They have also defined online shopping attitude as the psychological state of the consumers in terms of Internet shopping (2002). Li and Zhang (2002) have analysed 35 empirical studies on online shopping attitudes and behavior conducted during the period of January 1998 to February 2002 and have finally identified 10 inter-related factors for which the reviewed studies have significant empirical evidences. These 10 factors have further been classified into five independent factors (viz. external environment, demographics, personal characteristics, vendor/service/product characteristics, and website quality) and five dependent factors (viz. attitude towards online shoppi ng, intention to shop online, decision making, online purchasing, and consumer satisfaction.) Another exhaustive literature review in this field has been by Cheung et al. (2003). They have examined a total of 351 articles in the area of online consumer behavior from 1994 to April 2002. They have attempted to link together the concepts of intention, adoption and continuance and form a base model- a Model of Intention, Adoption and Continuance (MIAC) for the development of an online consumer behavior framework. Further, the various factors as mentioned by various researchers in their study have been categorized under five major domain areas viz. individual/consumer characteristics, product/service characteristics, medium characteristics, and online merchant and intermediary characteristics. According to them, online purchase intention and adoption has been extensively studied and there are lots of empirical evidences available, but research on continuance or consumer online repurchase is in its infancy. The following figure describes the MIAC model as suggested by Cheung et al. Framework of online consumer behavior Source: Cheung, C.M.K., Zhu, L., Kwong, T., Chan, G.W.W. Limayem, M.(2003). Online Consumer Behavior: A Review and Agenda for Future Research. Proceedings of the 16th Bled eCommerce Conference, eTransformation. 194-218 A recent study conducted by Kuczmarski and James (April 2008) further contribute to the available body of literature by adding that consumers prefer online stores to actual stores due to potential reasons like convenience, cost and selection. Trust as a factor Studies also indicate that trust remains a crucial factor in e-commerce and in influencing the purchase decision of online shoppers. Consumers prefer to shop from trusted websites. Researches reveal that trust is a factor which also helps in forming long-term customer relationships (Dwyer, Schurr Oh, 1987; Gefen Straub, 2003; Kim, Xu Koh, 2004). Some researchers like Lee (2002), Liebermann and Stashevsky (2002), McKnight et al.(2002), Suh and Han(2002) and Liang and Lai(2002) have even argued that a new step has been added to the online buying process and that is the step of building trust or confidence (as cited by Constantinides, 2004). The available literature explains that trust facilitates e-commerce and online transactions, but at the same time the consumers lack of trust in online vendors continues to remain a hindrance in the growth of e-commerce. (Ba Pavlou, 2002; Gefen and Straub, 2003; Gefen, Karahanna Straub, 2003; Kim, Xu Koh, 2004; Lim, Sia, Lee Benbasat, 2006; P avlou Gefen, 2004). Gefen(2002) and Kim, Xu Koh (2004) have stated that a key challenge to e-commerce is that creating trust typically requires multiple interactions and superior service over a period of time(as cited by Lowry et al., 2008). Brand has also been established as one of the factors influencing the customer trust for a website (Bart, Shankar, Sultan Urban, 2005; Yoon, 2002). Ward and Lee(2000) conducted a research to examine whether consumers use brands as sources of information when shopping on Internet and they concluded that branding can facilitate consumers acceptance of e-commerce. Lowry, Vance, Moody, Beckman Read (2008) have studied the impact of branding alliances and web-site quality on the consumer trust of e-commerce websites. They explored the usage of branding alliances and website quality by the less familiar websites to enhance the consumer trust and suggested that branding and web-site quality can significantly increase the initial consumer trust in the e-commerce websites. Ballantine(2005) has studied the effects of interactivity and the amount of product information provided by an online shopping environment on consumer satisfaction. A web-based experiment was conducted where respondents were exposed to a simulated online retail store. Findings indicate that these two factors had a significant effect on the consumer satisfaction. Tangibility also remains an important factor in influencing the purchase process of Internet shoppers. Melian-Alzola and Padron-Robaina(2006) have analysed the role and importance of the tangible elements of purchase processes in business to consumer(B2C) e-commerce, and the impact on overall perceived quality and the customers attitudes. Their research concluded that that four attributes navigation, signposting, tools and explanation explain the tangible dimension in electronic commerce. They revealed that design was an important factor of overall perceived quality and the willingness to recommend the purchase experience to others. Security of transactions is another factor that remains as a matter of concern for e-commerce consumers. According to a study conducted by American Banker in 2007, one-third of Canadians refused to shop online due to fear of identity theft. Web assurance services help in building up the trust and confidence of such consumers. In an experimental study undertaken by Mauldin and Arunachalam (2002), the impact of web assurance services and retailer disclosures on purchase intent was studied. They have defined web assurance as the measures taken to reduce information risks and increase online purchasing by improving the reliability of certain information on the website. Their findings indicate that web assurance. In this research they considered TRUSTe, WebTrust and VISA web assurance services for the study. Their findings indicate that there were no significant differences in intent to purchase among the three assurance providers. Mauldin and Arunachalam have also studied the impact of product and retailer familiarity on the buying behavior of online consumers in the above mentioned study and they suggest that web assurance is insignificant when product familiarity is higher, or in other words, where product familiarity is lower, intent to purchase is higher with web assurance. Retailer familiarity is not fou nd to be significant in any of the conditions. Further, their study also reveals that retailer disclosures are sufficient to impact buying intention of online consumers; the web assurance services studied in the above study did not provide any additional assurance beyond the retailer disclosures. They have further emphasized that comfort with the Internet, general intent to buy online, and website design played significant role in influencing purchase intention. Although security is a major concern of online buyers, their study indicates that information risk generally did not significantly influence purchase intention, which explains why web assurance is generally not significant in their study. Bruce, Katherine and Murphy (2008) have further explored the prior studies on web assurance models to provide detailed explanation on current reporting requirements, differences among web assurance services and perceptions of consumers regarding these services. The study concludes that consumers give importance to web assurance services, but younger consumers place greater value on these services rather than older consumers. Technology Acceptance Model as a basis for research on Literature review In an attempt to design a structured framework for the effects of different factors on consumer attitude towards Internet shopping and their intentions to shop online, Monsuwe, Dellaert and Ruyter (2004) have reviewed the various researches conducted in the field. They have used Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a base and suggested a framework based on previous research on consumer adoption of new technologies and services. The Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) has served as a basis for various researches conducted in the Information systems field. In order to support the selection of TAM as a basis for their research work, Monsuwe et.al, 2004 have cited Chen et al.(2002), Moon and Kim(2001) and Lederar et al.(2000) who suggest that although this model is specifically designed to understand the adoption of a new computer based technology in the job/workplace, it has also proven to be suitable as theoretical foundation for adoption of e-commerce as well. The Technology Ac ceptance Model (TAM) suggests the usefulness, ease of use and the later addition of enjoyment (Davis et al., 1992) as the determinants of consumers attitude towards adopting a new technology. This attitude, further, has a strong and positive effect on consumers intentions to actually use the new technology or system (Bobbitt and Dabholkar, 2001; Davis, 1993). While redefining the three constructs in context of online shopping Monsuwe et.al.(2004, p.107) have referred to usefulness as the consumers perceptions that using the Internet as a shopping medium enhances the outcome of their shopping experience. Similarly, they have redefined ease of use as the consumers perception that the process leading to online shopping will require minimum effort and will be easy. Further, according to them, the enjoyment construct refers to the fun and playfulness of the Internet shopping experience. While usefulness has a weak direct link to attitude, it shows a strong direct link towards intention t o shop online (Davis et al., 1989). It is also linked with ease of use to determine consumers attitude towards online shopping. Hence, ease of use has a direct as well as indirect effect on consumers intention to shop online. Using TAM as a basis for the study, the framework proposed by Monsuwe, Dellaert and Ruyter(2004) not only includes the functional/utilitarian and hedonic dimensions like ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment which affect the consumers attitude and intention towards Internet shopping, but they have also included some of the exogenous factors recommended by various researchers in the framework such as consumer traits(Burke, 2002; Dhabolkar and Bagozzi, 2002; Brown et al., 2001; Eastin and LaRose, 2000), situational factors(Wolfinbarger and Gilly,2001; Avery, 1996), product characteristics(Grewal et al., 2002; Elliot and Fowell, 2000), previous online shopping experiences(Shim et al., 2001; Eastlick and Lotz, 1999) and trust in online shopping(Yoon, 2002; Lee and Turban, 2001) Monsuwe et.al. in their research, have mentioned about the various researches done in order to extend the TAM by suggesting additional factors. For example, Venkatesh (2000), who has proposed integrating factors like control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the existing Technology Acceptance Model which are considered to be strong determinants for ease of use construct of TAM. Dabholkar and Bagozzi (2002) have given an attitudinal model of technology based self-service by suggesting two exogenous factors like consumer traits and situational influences. Further, they have cited OCass and Fenech (2002) who have added seven key consumer characteristics namely opinion leadership, buying impulsiveness, satisfaction with websites, web shopping compatibility, shopping orientation, Internet self-efficacy, and web-security to the model. Further, they have substantiated their model by citing the classification given by Hirschman and Holbrook (1982) who have categorised Internet shoppers in two categories; one is of the problem solvers and other category is of those seeking for fun, fantasy, arousal, sensory stimulation, and enjoyment. Monsuwe et al. suggest that this classification also supports the basic three constructs of TAM which affect the consumers attitude towards Internet shopping as ease of use and usefulness reflect the utilitarian aspect and enjoyment is in sync with the hedonic aspect of the model. The above explanation given by Monsuwe et al. is similar to the categorization of the shopping orientations by Bellenger, Robertson and Greenberg(1977) as convenience versus recreational orientation (as cited by Kim, LaRose, 2004) Various researches have been conducted to identify the underlying dimensions for the basic constructs of the TAM model. These latent dimensions can be further used to understand how these constructs get influenced by various exogenous factors. For example, Mathwick et al. (2001) have added two interesting latent dimensions to the usefulness construct Consumer Return on Investment(CROI), and service excellence. Monsuwe, Dellaert and Ruyter (2004) have defined CROI as a perceived return on cognitive, behavioural or financial investment made by the consumer. Whereas, service excellence evaluates the delivered promises against the performance. If both these dimensions are satisfied, then consumers will judge the Internet shopping performance positively (Mathwick et al., 2002) which adds to the perceived usefulness. Zeithamal et al. (2002) have stated that site characteristics such as search functions, download speed and navigation also acts as a determinant in shaping ease of use constru ct of the TAM model. But, Monsuwe et al. (2004, p.109) have a different opinion regarding this dimension. They have stated that these site characteristics merely influence the ease of use of a particular web site or online store, and not the Internet as a shopping medium in generalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Online Shopping orientations Kim and LaRose (2004) have defined shopping orientation as a shoppers attitude toward shopping activity that may vary with the situation rather than an invariant personality trait of the shopper. They have cited the categorization given by Bellenger, Robertson and Greenberg (1977) which classifies shoppers on the basis of their shopping orientation into convenience versus recreation oriented. Kim and LaRose (2004) also posit that shoppers may possess multiple orientations depending upon the expected outcome of a shopping experience and may demonstrate a regulated/utilitarian or an unregulated/recreational shopping orientation depending upon the environmental stimuli. Their study also shows that these two shopping orientations are not mutually exclusive and interactive web features may draw shoppers with convenience orientation into unregulated buying. Li, Kuo and Rusell(2006) have also studied the impact of shopping orientations on online consumer behavior alongwith other factors like demographics, channel knowledge and perceived channel utilities. Primary data was collected by a research company using an online survey of 999 U.S. Internet users. They have classified Internet users as frequent, occasional and non-buyers. Findings indicated that frequent web buyers have a higher degree of perceived channel utility for the purpose of communication, distribution and accessibility. Similarly channel knowledge also has a positive effect on the Internet buying and it also has a reciprocal influence on the perceived channel utilities. Their study also indicates that frequent web buyers value convenience more than experience(touch and feel of the product) whereas those who are non-web buyers have a higher degree of experience orientation. Recreation and economy orientation are found to be similar for the three types of Internet buyers. Th e study of the demographic factors revealed that male are more frequent web buyers than women, better-educated consumers shop more frequently online and consumers with higher income are more likely to be in frequent web buyer category. Age was not significant as far as frequency of web buying was concerned. Note: Most of the researchers feel that the classical consumer behavioral theories used for can only act as a starting point for understanding the online consumer behavior. There is no structured framework for explaining the online consumer behavior; the studies are mostly fragmented. Researchers have suggested different factors and frameworks, but there is a lack of a cohesive theoretical base to the online consumer behavior. Ba, S.L., and Pavlou, P.A. Evidence of the effect of trust building technology in electronic markets: Price premiums and buyer behavior. MIS Quarterly, 26, 3 (2002), 243-268. Gefen, D., and Straub, D.W. Consumer trust in B2C e-commerce and the importance of social presence: experiments in e-products and e-services. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 32, 6 (2004), 407-424. Gefen, D.; Karahanna, E.; and Straub, D.W. Trust and TAM in online shopping: An integrated model. MIS Quarterly, 27, 1 (2003), 51-90. Kim, H.-W.; Xu, Y.; and Koh, J. A comparison of online trust building factors between potential customers and repeat customers. Journal of the AIS, 5, 10 (2004), 392-420. Lim, K.H.; Sia, C.L.; Lee, M.K.O.; and Benbasat, I. Do I trust you online, and if so, will I buy? An empirical study of two trust-building strategies. Journal of Management Information Systems, 23, 2 (Fall 2006), 233-266. Pavlou, P.A., and Fygenson, M. Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS Quarterly, 30, 1 (2006), 115-143. Dwyer, F.R.; Schurr, P.H.; and Oh, S. Developing buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 51, 2 (1987), 11-27. Everard, A.P., and Galletta, D.F. How presentation flaws affect perceived site quality, trust, and intention to purchase from an online store. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22, 3 (Winter 2005-6), 56-95 Kuczmarski, James (2008, Apr). JOURNAL-IST: Freedom of Choice. Fast Company, Issue 124, 43-43, 1/2p Runyan, B., Smith, K.T., Smith, L. M.(2008, Mar). Implications of Web assurance services on e-commerce. Accounting Forum (Elsevier), Vol. 32 Issue 1, 46-61 Gefen, D. Customer loyalty in e-commerce. Journal of the AIS, 3, 1 (2002), 27-51. Bart, Y.; Shankar, V.; Sultan, F.; and Urban, G.L. Are the drivers and role of online trust the same for all Web sites and consumers? A large-scale exploratory empirical study. Journal of Marketing, 69, 4 (2005), 133-152. Yoon, S.-J. The antecedents and consequences of trust in online-purchase decisions. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16, 2 (2002), 47-63. Lowry, P.B., Vance, A., Moody, G., Beckman, B. Read, A. (2008). Explaining and Predicting the Impact of Branding Alliances and Web Site Quality on Initial Consumer Trust of E-Commerce Web Sites. Journal of Management Information Systems / Spring 2008, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 199-224. American Banker(2007, 17 Dec), Vol. 172 Issue 241, p17-17, 1/9p Monsuwe, T.P., Dellaert, B.G.C. Ruyter, K.D.(2004). What drives consumers to shop online? A literature review. International Journal of Service Industry Management.Vol.15 No.1, pp.102-121 Ward,M.R. Lee, M. J.(2000). Internet shopping, consumer search and product branding. Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol.9 No.1, pp.6-20 Ballantine, P.W.(2005). Effects of interactivity and product information on consumer satisfaction in an online retail setting. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol.33 No.1, pp.461-471 Melià ¡n-Alzola, L. Padrà ³n-Robaina, V. (2006). Tangibility as a quality factor in electronic commerce B2C. Managing Service Quality. Vol.16 No.3,pp.320-338 Li,N. Zhang, P.(2002). Consumer Online shopping attitudes and behaviour: An assessment of research. Proceedings of the Eighth Americas Conference on Information Systems. 508-517 Constantinides, E.(2004). Influencing the online consumers behavior: the web experience. Internet Research. Vol 14 No.2, pp. 111-126 Cheung, C.M.K., Zhu, L., Kwong, T., Chan, G.W.W. Limayem, M.(2003). Online Consumer Behavior: A Review and Agenda for Future Research. Proceedings of the 16th Bled eCommerce Conference, eTransformation. 194-218 Li, H., Kuo, C. Rusell, M.G.(2006, Jun). The Impact of Perceived Channel Utilities, Shopping Orientations, and Demographics on the Consumers Online Buying Behaviour. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 5(2). Retrieved July, 1, 2009, from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/120837782/HTMLSTART Mauldin, E. Arunachalam, V. (2002). An Experimental Examination of Alternative Forms of Web Assurance for Business-to-Consumer e-Commerce. Journal of Information Systems. 16. 33-54 Abstract: Customers in an Internet shopping environment actually play dual roles. One is the role as a customer in a shopping place, and the other is the role as a user of information technology. In both cases, the level of satisfaction is of great concern. In this vein, a way of measuring the satisfaction level that takes both roles into account is needed. However, in past research indexes for consumer satisfaction and indexes for user information satisfaction have been developed separately in the fields of marketing and management information systems. Because of this lack of interaction between the two streams of research, an index for electronic commerce consumers that has its base in the dual roles has not been developed and tested. In this research, an instrument for measuring electronic commerce consumer satisfaction was proposed and validated using a sample of over 400 customers. The relationship between the index and consumers purchasing intention was also examined. Title: Development of electronic commerce user-consumer satisfaction index (ECUSI) for Internet shopping Author(s): Namjae Cho, Sanghyuk Park Journal: Industrial Management Data Systems Year: 2001 Volume: 101 Issue: 8 Page: 400 406 ISSN: 0263-5577 DOI: 10.1108/EUM0000000006170 Publisher: MCB UP Ltd Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of consumers shopping orientation on their satisfaction level with the product search and purchase behavior using multi-channels. Design/methodology/approach A total of 181 students in a large US mid-western university provided usable responses to the survey. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analyses were employed to examine the research questions. Findings The results showed that more than three quarters of the respondents shopped via the internet and catalogs, and about 95 percent shopped at non-local retailers. About 60 percent reported that they never shopped from TV shopping channels. Confident/fashion-conscious shopping orientation and catalog/internet shopping orientation were found to be key predictors of customer satisfaction level with information search via multi-channels. Both confident/fashion-conscious consumers and mall shopping-oriented shoppers were more satisfied with store-based retail channels for apparel purchases, whereas non-local store-oriented shoppers and catalog/internet-oriented shoppers were more satisfied with non-store-based retail channels for their apparel purchases. Research limitations/implications The sample of this study was biased by gender and age. For the apparel retail industry, this paper offers practical knowledge about the relationships between shopping orientation and consumer search and purchase behavior in a multi-channel retailing context. Originality/value No study has utilized the shopping orientation framework to explain consumer behavior in a multi-channel environment. This study provides understanding of consumer product information search behavior on four dimensions (price, promotion, style/trends, and merchandise availability) via multi-channels. Title: The effects of shopping orientations on consumers satisfaction with product search and purchases in a multi-channel environment Author(s): Hyun-Hwa Lee, Jihyun Kim Journal: Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management Year: 2008 Volume: 12 Issue: 2 Page: 193 216 ISSN: 1361-2026 DOI: 10.1108/13612020810874881 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Article Information: Title: Attitude toward internet web sites, online information search, and channel choices for purchasing Author(s): Yoo-Kyoung Seock, Marjorie Norton Journal: Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management Year: 2007 Volume: 11 Issue: 4 Page: 571 586 ISSN: 1361-2026 DOI: 10.1108/13612020710824616 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Document Access: Existing customers: Please login above. You do not have rights to view the article Purchase this document: Price payable: GBP  £13.00 plus handling charge of GBP  £1.50 and VAT where applicable. Purchase Request this document: Print or e-mail a document request to your librarian. Request Reprints permissions: Request Abstract: Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of attitudes toward particular clothing web sites, specifically favorite ones, on information search at those web sites and on the choice to purchase items from those web sites and from non-internet channels after finding the items at the web sites. Design/methodology/approach Using survey data from 414 US college students who had online shopping experience and favorite clothing web sites that they especially like to visit, hypothesized relationships among attitude toward internet web sites, online information search and channel choices for purchasing were tested using path analysis. Findings Results showed that participants attitudes toward their favorite clothing web sites had a direct, positive effect on their intentions to search for information at those web sites as well as intentions to purchase clothing items from those web sites after finding the items there. Additionally, operating through information-search intentions at the web sites, participants attitudes toward those web sites had an indirect, positive effect on their intentions to purchase clothing items from non-internet channels after finding the items at the web sites. Research limitations/implications Results cannot be generalized to the larger population of young consumers and to other consumer groups. Future research should include other population groups. Practical implications This research provides insights into how college students attitudes toward internet web sites affect their information search at the web sites and their channel choices for purchasing. Our results suggest potential benefits of multi-channel retailing for online clothing retailers targeting US college students and the importance of building effective web sites to elicit those consumers positive attitudes toward the web sites. Originality/value This study is the first to investigate young adult online shoppers attitude towards internet web sites and their information search and channel choices for purchasing. Keywords: Consumer behaviour, Information retrieval, Internet shopping, Purchasing, United States of America Article Type: Research paper Article URL: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/13612020710824616 Article Information: Title: Do determinants of online shopping differ for personal shoppers and professional shoppers? Author(s): Amit Bhatnagar Journal: EuroMed Journal of Business Year: 2007 Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Page: 87 102 ISSN: 1450-2194 DOI: 10.1108/14502190710749974 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Document Access: Existing customers: Please login above. You do not have rights to view the article Purchase this document: Price payable: GBP  £13.00 plus handling charge of GBP  £1.50 and VAT where applicable. Pu

The Links Between Child Abuse and Psychological, Emotional, Behavioral,

Abuse of children has become a major social problem and a main cause of many people's suffering and personal problems. Neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse have an immediate and long-term effects on a child's development. The long-term effects of abuse and neglect of a child can be seen in psychiatric disorders, increased rates of substance abuse, and relationship difficulties. Child abuse and neglect is a huge problem. Parents who abuse are people who have been abused and neglected themselves as children(Long Term Consequences). There are links between neglect and abuse and later psychological, emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal disorders. The basis for this linkage is the impact that abuse and neglect have on brain development. Researchers have found important links between interpersonal experiences and neurobiological development. Children who have been sexually abused are at significant risk of developing anxiety disorders (2.0 times the average), major depressive disorders (3.4 times average), alcohol abuse (2.5 times average), drug abuse (3.8 times average), and anti-social behavior (4.3 times average)(Crouch). Generally the left hemisphere of the brain is the site of language, motor activity on the right side of the body, and logical thought based on language. The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for motor activity on the left side of the body, context perceptions, and holistic perception. The orbito-frontal cortex (the part of the brain directly behind the eyes) is responsible for integrating emotional responses generated in the limbic system with higher cognitive functions, such as planning and language, in the cerebral cortex's prefrontal lobes(Culp). The left orbito-frontal cortex is responsible for memory creation while the right orbito-frontal cortex is responsible for memory retrieval. Healthy functioning requires an integrated right and left hemisphere. A substantial number of synaptic connections among brain cells develop during the first year of life. An integrated brain requires connections between the hemispheres by the corpus callosum. Abused and neglected children have smaller corpus callosum than non-abused children. Abused and neglected children have poorly integrated cerebral hemispheres. This poor integration of hemispheres and underdevelopment of the orbitofrontal cortex is the basis for such symptoms as... ...ren. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20(1), 49-65. Culp, R. E., Watkins, R. V., Lawrence, H., Letts, D., Kelly, D. J., & Rice, M. L. (1991). Maltreated children's language and speech development: Abused, neglected, and abused and neglected. First Language, 11(33), 377-389. Dong, M. (2004). The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(7), 771-784. Greenfield, E. A. (2010). Child abuse as a life-course social determinant of adult health. Maturitas, 66(1), 51-55. Larkin, H. (2009). Adverse childhood experiences linked to health risk behaviors. Policy and Practice of Public Human Services, 67(3), 14-16. Sylvestre, A., & MÃ ©rette, C. (2010). Language delay in severely neglected children: A cumulative or specific effect of risk factors? Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(6), 414-428. Trickett, P. K., & McBride-Chang, C. (1995). The developmental impact of different forms of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Review 15, 311-337. Twardosz, S., & Lutzker, J. R. (2010). Child maltreatment and the developing brain: A review of neuroscience perspectives. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(1), 59-68.

Marketing Plan for Compost in Nepal

INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY PRESIDENTIAL BUSINESS SCHOOL Buddhanagar, Kathmandu A Report on Marketing Plan of Nepal Recycling Company Ltd. In partial fulfillment of the MBA IInd semester project submission requirement Submitted to : Submitted by : Mr. Sujan Raja ShresthaAshim Shrestha Lecturer, Marketing Management Gyanman Bade Niranjan P. Bajracharya Sangeeta Ghale Shreya Joshi As on 21 March 20, 2013 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary A. Summary of situation analysis B. Summary of marketing objectives C.Summary of marketing strategies D. Budget summary II. Situation Analysis A. The Industry 1. History of the industry III. Executive Summary Summary of Situational Analysis In developed countries, the main motivations for waste reduction are frequently related to legislation, environmental protection, the scarcity of sites for landfills, and the risks associated with toxic materials. The same considerations apply in developing countries to large metropolitan areas that are s ubject to many economic and environmental pressures.Urban centres which do not have effective collection and disposal systems should not devote resources to developing waste reduction measures until adequate waste management systems are in place. For this, or other reasons, solid waste managers in developing countries tend to pay little attention to the issue of reducing organic wastes which make up from 50 per cent to 90 per cent of the total waste generated. Management of solid waste is a growing concern in Nepal as urban population densities increase and flat usable land is in short supply.Although small urban centres were declared to be municipalities2, they suffer from a lack of infrastructural and technical resources to tackle the problem of waste management. With increasing public awareness about good health and a clean environment, solid waste management has now come to the top of the priorities of the municipalities in Nepal. When the environmental impacts of proposed landf ills are being investigated, it is often found that residents refuse to accept landfill sites near their homes and local leaders from various political parties are often involved in protests against proposed landfill locations.Though the Local Self Governance Act of 1999 has empowered municipalities to take every necessary action at the local level, the absence of elected representatives3 since 1998 has been causing difficulties in its implementation. Even though collection systems are still not in place, most of the municipalities are expressing their desire to develop final disposal systems. They are also promoting waste reduction, reuse and recycling among local communities.Some of the 58 municipalities in various parts of the country are providing effective house-to-house waste collection services and some are making good progress towards final disposal. For this review, communities and private sector service providers have been selected according to their present performance in waste reduction. Priority is given to those community-based organizations (CBOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that are playing effective roles in waste reduction at source, collection, processing and recycling.Table 1 provides details of the regions and municipalities in Nepal. Where do we stand ? Nepal Recycling Company’s area of business will be to collect, recycle/compost, and market waste from municipality waste processing plants for use use as a consumer good. This recycled product will meet two critical needs: 1. It will help people to better manage their organic wastes. 2. It will give municipalities a feasible and cost effective alternative to landfilling the waste, and 3. It will help meet the growing demand for organic soil enhancers and fertilizers.The material that will be recycled is human waste sludge. Our recycled waste will be targeted toward fertilizer manufacturers, nurseries, landscapers, farmers, government agencies, golf courses, and others. All of these potential customers will benefit from the compost's numerous soil enhancing characteristics. Landfills are filling up and costs of disposal are rising. Also there are a lot of problem in managing human sludge. This is a unique and viable concept that addresses the needs of various customers and reaches an  untapped market with tremendous growth potential.One of the most attractive aspects is that the business is projected to attain a strong cash position and achieve profitability in the third year of operation. Due to a large need for these products and services, and a lack of direct competition, our projection of quick profitability is attainable. Research will be an ongoing process for the company; one particular area of interest is the possibility of qualifying the product as a fertilizer. In this case, the profitability of the product would nearly double A. Summary of marketing objectives Specific:Our goal of the company is to initially promote recycled product a s for now â€Å"compost † to the customers bringing about awareness about the use of recycled product in focus the compost against the use of chemical fertilizers. We are to capture the market of the compost industry within the next two years by providing high quality organic composts at the rate lower or equal to the local rate but cheaper than the chemical fertilizers. We aim to sell our products to large segments : local farmers, industrial farmers, golf course and ultimately export the products.We aim at slow ascend in the profit curve rather than a rapid one. Measurable: We aim to take 20% of the market share within the first year and slowly increase to 30%. With the availability of input using human sludge and other organic waste, we are less in operating cost that merits us to sell our product at low cost. We are in collaboration with the government so we don’t have to incur any of the business taxes as the industry is currently targeted to social welfare with a little amount of profit. Achievable:We ensure to possess the latest recycling plant and quality assurance team in the industry. We also have the best marketing professionals to increase our sale. We currently are running our industry with the support of government assistance as well as different NGO working for the environment welfare, so we have sufficient funds as well are free from different taxes helping us to operate at optimal level bringing about profit which is to be reinvested in the same. Also our customers, as Nepal being an agricultural country , we have easy customers.The only thing our marketing team has to do is to aware the customers about the use of compost and its advantages against the other chemical fertilizers. We are also in collaboration with government and other NGOs that are working for the environement and the development of the agriculture segment in the country. Summary of marketing strategies. Nepal Recycling company aims to provide composts to customer s at a price far way cheaper than the chemical fertilizers being sold in the local market. Mission Nepal Recycling company’s mission is to provide the highest quality composts .WE exist to attract and maintain local farmers and agro-industrialist. When we attain the most of the market share, we tend to move towards profit maximization and go towards globalization of our product through brand. Marketing Objectives * Improve the local farmers perception on compost uses and its advantages * Increase the amount of compost market share in the country * Maintain a slow ascend profit margin * To educate the country about waste management and the advantages of organic wastes Target Markets * Local farmers * fertilizer manufacturers * nurseries * landscapers * government agencies * golf coursesMarketing Mix Nepal Recycling Company is comprised of the following approaches to pricing. ,distribution, advertising and promotion and customer services. * Pricing : The cheapest high quality c ompost in comparison to other chemical fertilizers * Distribution: The products will be manufactured in the recycling plant while the selling will be done with the help of agriculture retailers and government aids. * Advertising and promotion: We will require advertisements , sales promotions and government references to local farmers through different agricultural banks and NGOS working for the welfare of the agriculture. Customer Service: The customer service in the context of our product will be to educate people different information regarding the use of composts against the chemical fertilizers . And also educate about different agriculture information II Situational Analysis The Recycling Industry 1. History Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded advocates as far back as Plato in 400  BC. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pott ery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material.In pre-industrial times, there is evidence of scrap bronze and other metals being collected in Europe and melted down for perpetual reuse. [4] In Britain dust and ash from wood and coal fires was collected by ‘dustmen' and downcycled as a base material used in brick making. The main driver for these types of recycling was the economic advantage of obtaining recycled feedstock instead of acquiring virgin material, as well as a lack of public waste removal in ever more densely populated areas. In 1813, Benjamin Law developed the process of turning rags into ‘shoddy' and ‘mungo' wool in Batley, Yorkshire.This material combined recycled fibres with virgin wool. The West Yorkshire shoddy industry in towns such as Batley and Dewsbury, lasted from the early 19th century to at least 1914. Industrialization spurred demand for affordable materials; aside from rags, ferrous scrap metals were cov eted as they were cheaper to acquire than was virgin ore. Railroads both purchased and sold scrap metal in the 19th century, and the growing steel and automobile industries purchased scrap in the early 20th century.Many secondary goods were collected, processed, and sold by peddlers who combed dumps, city streets, and went door to door looking for discarded machinery, pots, pans, and other sources of metal. By World War I, thousands of such peddlers roamed the streets of American cities, taking advantage of market forces to recycle post-consumer materials back into industrial production. [5] Beverage bottles were recycled with a refundable deposit at some drink manufacturers in Great Britain and Ireland around 1800, notably Schweppes.An official recycling system with refundable deposits was established in Sweden for bottles in 1884 and aluminium beverage cans in 1982, by law, leading to a recycling rate for beverage containers of 84–99 percent depending on type, and average u se of a glass bottle is over 20 refills. (The above mentioned details are abstract from wikipedia. com ) Current Scenario Some people dump their organic wastes into farm so that they get some fertilizers for their agriculture. While the papers, plastics are burnt and metal scraps are stored.But people have started selling the papers ,glass , plastics and metal scraps to the people coming to house doors collecting for it. The so called â€Å"khaali sisi bottle wallas† pay a small amount for the wastes they take in. They collect wastes in huge quantity and are exported to India where they get recycled and new products are produced in turn and sold to Nepal again in expensive prices. As population is soring up in the urban areas with the amount of human sludge and other wastes such as papers, glass, plastics and metal scraps.As the area for land fills are being filled up and there are no more places . The human sludge is directly dumped into rivers and ponds. The organic wastes from homes are also located into nearby open places. The country has not moved towards the concept of recycling and very few companies are into the â€Å"Go Green â€Å" concept and use recycled products from other sources. Also there are small companies who collect waste materials such as paper, glass, plastics and metals , but are taken to India for recycling. The products are then distributed from India only. Growth PotentialThe potential for the growth of the recycling industry is very high and flexible. With the availability of waste materials as input, the industry can grow soon and the products as well can be sold easily as the nation is also moving towards â€Å"Go Green † concept. As products such as fertilizers are becoming very very expensive, the compost produced from the industry can be of a great use viz price and quality. As chemical fertilizers are also continuous depleting the soil quality, the organic fertilizer or compost can help the farmers into their p roductivity. So there is a great potential for growth.Also with the growing number of other industry such as plastic, glass(esp. bottlers companies, brewery and distillery ), metal industries, the availability of raw materials can reduce their operation cost and provide the people of Nepal with cheaper products and also help the economy of the country by exporting recycled products because the whole world is using recycled products. Nepal Recycling Company History Nepal Recycling Company was established in 2012 AD . Its aim is to help the country in rising the economy as well as the management of waste materials.It recycles waste materials and helps manage the wastes and puts the country to a cleaner environment. While producing recycled products, it can help boom country’s manufacturing industries roviding products in the form of raw matireials or finished goods. Scope of business There is a big scope of this business to bloom. The products for the company for now compost an d recycled papers have a easily reachable market. It would take some years to capture the market for both the compost and the paper industry.Compost can be packed as a branded fertilizer and papers can be manufactured as high quality materials and sold in the same brand. The compost is readily required for every farmers so there is a huge probability for it to flourish in the market. While paper products markets can be made to the same organization from where the waste papers were brought from. Current state and growth The company so far is in its growth stage. It is trying to capture the market share providing the highest quality compost in the country.There is a scope for the company to grow to earn huge amount of profits and also establish itself as a brand product and also mark up as an international quality product. |Due to the growing concept of organic products, there is a huge amount of market sustainability . Profitability The company currently is operating at low profitabi lity rate . Its capital has been gained from government funds and other donors. So, the main scope right now of the company is social awareness and to capture the market. However the company will focus on increasing the profitability within the next 4 years.Competenece in various areas Strengths Starting a business in the recycling industry proves to be a profitable business because the potentials still remain untapped and it is an evergreen niche. recycling itself is a broad niche and making substantial profits from a recycling business in a country like Nepal where waste management is a impossible thing. We have plenty of waste materials that can be used as input for our plants. The human sludge which at present is dumped directly into the rivers can be directed directly to our recycling plants.We can also charge money from the home consumers for taking in their organic wastes. The recycling business will prove profitable because there is a high demand for recycled products from m anufacturing companies; who are looking to drive down production costs, since using recycled packaging materials is cheaper than acquiring new ones. Challenges * It is capital intensive – but can be started on a small scale. * High cost of recycling equipments and machines. * It takes massive amount of effort to gather waste local sites and other places.However, you can choose to outsource this process while concentrating on your core competence; which is recycling. SWOT Analysis Strengths| Weakness| 1. Low price2. Environment Friendly3. Low resource consumption4. Less garbage in the society| 1. Unavailability of Machinery2. Lack of Human expertise in recycling 3. People may not accept this product if we do not rightly market it. 4. lack of markets for collected materials5. lack of funding for recycling6. poor participation by residents in material collection. Opportunities| Threats| 1. Employment Opportunities2. Demand Supply Gap, creates a room for our business3. Purchasing power of the people will be increased so they will favour our products. | 1. Firms may react on this establishmentand may negatively affect ourprofitability and sustainability| Potential Marketing Problems The country has 90% of the population making up a living on agriculture. With increased demand and competition, people have started using their productivity using chemical fertilizers.Educating people on the use of organic fertilizers such as compost on the current scenario can be difficult. With people wanting more productivity, it can be a hefty task to make the people swift over to composts. With people into traditional farming, they have their own methods of organic composts and which is free of costs to them. Making them buy the same feature products with a price will take a heavy amount of risks. As well, the government is providing chemical fertilizers at very subsidized rate . The government itself can resist the sale of our product .