Ethical Decision Making Case Analysis Essay - 983 Words

Ethical Decision-Making Case Study. Moral issues are those that arouse conscience, are concerned with important values and norms. The use of a tool such as the Ethical Decision-Making Algorithm in appendix A, can help the nurse resolve an ethical dilemma more efficiently and competently. Furthermore, the use of a nursing codes of ethics, which are formal statements standard for professional actions can help guild a nurses decisions. Nurses have multiple obligations to balance in moral situation. The Ethical Decision-Making Algorithm will be used to find the best action and outcome for a case study. Case Study This case begins with the nurse manager of a 25 bed medical unit, 24 hour responsibility with a staff level of 26. The nurse has become aware a well-liked and helpful senior staff member has been stealing cash and other items from staff and patients. The senior nurse is supportive of the nurse manager, she has the best clinical expertise and judgement in the team. Morally, the head nurse is stressed. She feels guilty and upset, however she also believes no one will believe her. Ethical Issues from Nursing Perspective Trust is critical in the nurse-client relationship because the client is in a vulnerable position. The nurse-client relationship is one of unequal power. Although the nurse may not immediately perceive it, the nurse has more power than the client. Abuse means the misuse of the power imbalance intrinsic in the nurse-client relationship. It can also mean theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Moral Reasoning944 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual or a group of an effort to carry out a right decision morally. In doing so, it is vital to acknowledge the significance and taking actions required in making a moral decision. However, before we could start this process, it is imperative to comprehend the essence of moral reasoning and consider what approach is essential in an effective application of moral analysis. These approaches are deontology, a process that involves analysis of ethical actions and responsibility on the basis if eitherRead MoreEthical Dilemma Case Study1333 Words   |  6 Page sAssignment â€Æ' Contents Answer 1 Ethical Dilemma of the organization: 2 Answer 2 Four Steps of Ethical analysis 3 Step 1 Understanding the situation: 3 Step 2 Isolate the major ethical Dilemma: 3 Step 3 Ethical Analysis 3 a) Consequentialism: 3 b) Rights and duties 4 c) Kant’s categorical Imperative 4 d) Discussion 4 Step 4 Making a decision: 4 Conclusion 5 References 5 â€Æ' Answer 1 Ethical Dilemma of the organization: In the given case study, the ethical dilemma exists with the working structureRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics Of The Society Of Professional Journalists1054 Words   |  5 Pagesaccountable. Each of them considers a list of normative guidelines to orient the ethical decision-making process within a newsroom. In any case, the SPS’ orientations are framed by a utilitarian approach to ethics: Due to the voluntary character of the code, the Code attempts to advising more than requiring and, in that sense, the recommended procedures and activities in which journalists should engage to accomplish an ethical work are oriented to journalists as individuals instead of a collective. InRead MoreEthics - Orangewerks Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesA Question of Ethics, using Ferrell’s Framework Introduction Samarin is faced with the ethical dilemma of what to do regarding information in his possession that would allege unethical behavior within the OrangeWerks organization. After an analysis of the case, and evaluation of the identified alternatives, it is recommended that Samarin seek to clarify his concerns and attempt to rectify his ethical reservations regarding the organization. This proactive approach provides him the opportunityRead MoreEthical Issues in Forecasting and Decision Analysis Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesETHICAL ISSUES IN FORECASTING AND DECISION ANALYSIS Dunal M. McCurdy MBA 615- Business Foundations November 24, 2011 ETHICAL ISSUES IN FORECASTING AND DECISION ANALYSIS It is especially important to think about the most critical causes of the problem in making your forecasts and decisions. The process of forecasting involves using observations about the problem situation to predict the outcomes of your own actions, the actions of others, and the outcomes of other situationalRead MoreThe Importance of Critical Thinking and Ethical Decision Making on Social Work1149 Words   |  5 PagesIt is my belief that in order for someone in the social work profession to serve vulnerable populations it was intended to serve, it is imperative to use critical thinking and ethical decision making in tandem to achieve the optimal result. The balance is a delicate and often complex. It requires a close examination or critically thinking, of all the issues not just within yourself, but the community as a whole, the individuals within it, and the client population that the social work serves. TheRead MoreAnalysis of an Ethical Dilemma Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part1) Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia By Feba Erattakulangara, Jacinda Koski, Nne Uyoh, Olga Gray Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care NRS 437V February 24, 2013 Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part1) Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia Amongst the multitude of ethical dilemmas in health care the debate about voluntary or assisted euthanasia presents to be theRead MoreDecision Analysis : The Decision1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Decision analysis provides powerful techniques to structure complex problems, identify optimal choices, and facilitate communication between the decision analyzer and the person makes the decision. One of the most important values of these techniques is that they enable decision making to be rational rather than intuitive or holistic. They provide a framework for rational decision making in an uncertain environment. As modern decision analysis has been studied for more than five decadesRead MoreCase Study : The Ethical Dilemma Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is to review and analyse a business case which features an obvious ethical dilemma. The chosen business case for this assignment involves: Egg farms in Iowa America, bad practices highlighting the ‘ethical dilemma’, and a crooked entrepreneur named Austin Jack DeCoster, a man responsible for making unethical decisions. Austin Jack DeCoster first started operating his egg business in the late 1940’s at the age of 15 and built up his empire to become one of America’sRead MorePhysical Therapist Ethical Dilemma Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesadhere to a standard of ethical behavior.1 The first Code of Ethics adopted by the American Physiotherapy Association in 1935 focused mainly on the relationship between the physical therapist (PT), referring physician, and the disciplinary actions o f violating that relationship.2(p.4) Since then the Code of Ethics has evolved into what the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) refers to as the Code of Ethics for the Physical Therapist (PT Code), and the Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical

Symptoms And Treatment Of A Kidney Disease - 1321 Words

The patient described pain in his back between the twelfth rib and lumbar vertebrae, which is the site to which the kidney is located; therefore it is possible that the patient suffered from a form of kidney disease. Upon urinalysis, it was found that the patient was suffering from haematuria. Haematuria typically results from an inability to filter urea, suggesting the patient was suffering from an infection to the kidney that inhibited its ability to filter urea which is symptomatic of swelling in the glomeruli. The patient was also suffering from proteinuria, Oliguria, and Oedema, reinforcing the possibility of an infection, arising due to the inability to filter urea. A throat culture revealed that the patient had suffered from†¦show more content†¦The kidney is lined with millions of glomeruli which have projections called podocytes, which increase the kidneys surface area, and thus increase the absorption of nutrients from the blood. In a normal functioning kidney, fil tration as a result is highly effective in removing macromolecules such as proteins. However the streptococcal bacterium causes the glomeruli to become inflamed, thereby inhibiting its ability to filter nutrients. Blood enters the kidney through the afferent artirol, which in a normal functioning kidney, has a smaller surface area comparatively to the efferent artirol; this increases the pressure of the blood, hence creating a pumping mechanism, through which substances move to the bowman capsule. However, when inflamed, the glomeruli expand, resulting in a decrease in pressurization causing blood to filter inefficiently. Resulting in substances such as blood and protein to enter the urine, as the glomeruli cannot filter large macromolecules such as proteins, resulting in hematuria and proteinuria. STREPTOCOCCUS Streptococcus is an infection caused by a bacterium known as streptococci. When fighting a bacterial infection, the body produces antibodies which identify the bacteria, such that it can be destroyed by the body. Typically, the streptococci are eliminated by way of urination, however it can become trapped within the glomerulus, and therefore cause

Aging Population in Hk free essay sample

In the past, many people dead in childhood due to sickness and improper medical treatment, which enzymes and bacteria can easily kill them. However, with the development of medical technology, such as introduction of new treatments like antibacterial, people can combat many diseases and have a longer life, and the death rate can be lowered. Hence, as Hong Kong is a stable place, it can make people in Hong Kong live longer. Hong Kong is a stable place without the threat of civil wars and lack of essential resources like water and food, compare with some undeveloped countries. In addition, the Hong Kong government also maintain stability by making policies such as food hygiene policy. With maintaining stability, people can live longer then. The above conditions lead to the increasing longevity of Hong Kong people, which caused the aging population in Hong Kong. We will write a custom essay sample on Aging Population in Hk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Declining birth rate In the past 50 years, there was a baby boom occurred in Hong Kong. People at that time did not concern about the cost of bring the child up and the problem of population explosion, which lead to the high birth rate at that time. After reaching 1980s, the birth rate started to be declined. This is mainly due to higher education rate in HK, when there is a higher educates rate, less female would unwilling to born more children. Hence, fearing from financial burden, as it bringing a child up requires a high cost, families are unwilling to give birth to child. Moreover, people are more likely to settle down at a later age, form their families when they become old, this also lead to a low birth rate. In fact, the low death rate could bring few negative effects. However, when there is a declining birth rate, the young age group cannot support the size of old age group born in the baby boom. This will lead to a serious problem. In short, a declining birth rate and a low death rate caused the aging population. Situation in Hong Kong In Hong Kong, the population sizes of youngsters are keeping decreasing with a decrease of 17. 9% in 33 years. In contrast, the number of old people are keeping increasing, it is estimated in 2033, the old age group will become one-forth of the whole population. Hence, there is a decreasing trend in birth rate in 40 years with a drop of 1500 babies per year. Nevertheless, the trend grow again since 2005 due to migration from Mainlanders, they could only be able to work until 2030,which may hard to combat the problem. To conclude, the problem of aging population is serious. Impact of aging population In medical aspect, aging population may increase medical expenditure of government because elderly people may have the high risk of chronic diseases. Due to increases of medical services, the demand of doctor and nurses would also be increased. However, the government may not have enough money to provide better medical services as a lower tax income. This may lead to poor quality of medical services. From the point of view of the government, aging population reduces the government’s income as providing more welfare and medical care for elderly. It would also affect the GDP of HK due to more elderly people and less working population, which reduce Hong Kong’s economic development. HK competitiveness in the world may be seriously affected. In social aspect, aging population may increase the pressure of working force, as they need to pay more tax to government for providing better medical services and welfare, even though the demand of productivity at will be high and high salaries will be paid in the future. On the other hand, it may also enhance the problem of poverty as they may unable to work after retired. Suggestions of aging population From the above passage, we can see that aging population will cause a high expenditure and welfare on the government. The aims of the solutions below are to solve these problems. To start with, the government can solve the problem by Enabling older individuals to keep economically active. For example, the government can employed these old age people part-time works to enhance productivity. It can also encourage them to spend more money to enhance the economy by encourage them to travel in Hong Kong, such as the $2 Public Transport Concessions for the elderly. For those retired who are poor and disable to work, the government should put more resources to help them maintain a living. For example, increase the amount of welfare on the poor, or provide resources to some fund, which helps the old age groups, such as the Community Collusion Fund. On the other hand, the government should also cut some welfare, for example, the introduction of the Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) can let the old people save money itself for entire when they are working; the issue of health care voucher can reduce the burden of the government-owned health system. These measures can help the government to reduce the welfare.

Moving again... free essay sample

There are nomadic tribes in Africa that move less than I do. I’ve lived consecutively in Texas, Georgia, Arizona, California, Texas, Connecticut, Virginia, Connecticut, New Hampshire and Connecticut. The last three moves, I was told, would be the last. But, soon enough, eight months to two years later, â€Å"Girls, we are moving.† If there is one phrase I choose never to hear again it would be, â€Å"We are moving†. I loved each place I have lived for different reasons. I felt at home in Texas. I lived about half an hour away from Disneyland in California. New Hampshire is so beautiful in the fall. Virginia is close to D.C. and, being a history buff, I loved all the free museums. Georgia is where my sister was born and where I met my first best friend. Arizona is where I learned to speak fluent Spanish, a skill which I promptly lost by age eight. We will write a custom essay sample on Moving again or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But Connecticut, where I am currently living, is where I have made some of the best memories. I have made great friends, lost some not so great ones, gone through the drama of high school, met my favorite band and got my first job. I love it here. I haven’t had a classic suburban childhood. I don’t have a door with marks showing my growth over the years. My room isn’t painted some obnoxious shade of pink I chose when I was seven. I haven’t known my best friend my whole life. I sometimes see people with these things and think, â€Å"Wow. You are so lucky. I wish I had that.† But then I come to my senses. I may have spent my whole childhood moving around, making friends only to lose them a year later, but I have visited places that some people dream about. If I never lived in California, would I have been able to visit Disneyland almost every weekend during the summer? Probably not. If I hadn’t lived in Virginia, would I have been able to feed my love of history by visiting the museums in D.C. many times during the summer? No. Would I have been able to visit the Alamo if I hadn’t moved to Texas? No way! I have experienced many things that many seventeen year olds cannot say they have experienced. I often find myself dreaming of my future. I imagine what it is going to be like being married, having kids or being a teacher. Whenever I dream about the far away future, like kids or marriage, I often wonder if I want my kids to have the same experiences I did. The simple answer would be no. I want my kids to have stability and be able to call one place their hometown. But I want my kids to have the same cultural experiences I did. I want them to be able to say that they lived and experienced all different parts of America. I want them to be able to boast to their friends that they went to Disneyland most weekends during the summer when they were seven. I want them to be able to say they have friends in all different parts of the country. I want them to have all of the great experiences that I had. I think that anyone could benefit from moving to all different parts of the country. It is truly a wonderful learning experience.

Online University Programs Boost your career Now Essay Example

Online University Programs Boost your career Now Essay Example Online University Programs Boost your career Now Essay Online University Programs Boost your career Now Essay Do you want to build your career? Do you believe you still have an opportunity of earning that college degree that you have always dreamed about? Have you contemplated of registering with an online university program on the internet? Are you very committed so much that you think you do not have time to study even though you want to have a collage degree? This article will address all these queries and more. Given the flexibilities and the possibilities permitted by the Internet, a person can take home a degree in any program he or she has interest in and boost his or her career with the help of online university programs. Therefore, do not think that you cannot go back to collage again, such thoughts and beliefs belong to the past; with internet based training the sky is the limit. Since all a person has to do is to look for the best online institution of his or her choice and enroll for the course. On the other hand if your work schedule is very tight, there are various online courses designed to match the tight schedule. These university programs are ideal for active people that find it difficult to attend normal university campuses to take part in class activities. Depending on one’s office schedules, a person can always tie his lesson arrangements to his office work with no difficulty. This is quite possible in that, online university programs allow a person to learn at his own place, pace and time. If you are taking into consideration quitting your current job, you do not have to think of that as an option anymore because with online university courses, you can easily learn and earn simultaneously. Studying with the help of the web may sound great and perfectly suitable for any busy person, still the flexibility and simplicity of this alternative can cause laziness and ultimate failure. So, a person should better be prepared to do is required to initiate and finish the university program. If you can’t do without leaving your home the internet is a great option. One good thing about the internet is that it can serve various purposes. Today there are many parents who have the ambition of continuing with their education in order to boost their career but find it tough to realize those dreams because they cannot leave their home for fear of exposing their children to danger. If you find yourself in such situation, then enroll in online university programs.

How To Nail Product Positioning With April Dunford

How To Nail Product Positioning With April Dunford The success of your company depends on the marketing you do, how you choose to present the benefits of a product or service, and which audience to target. How you position a product or service can make or break your company. Stop right there. Forget everything you thought you knew about product positioning. Connecting your product or service with buyers is not a matter of following trends, selling harder, or trying to attract the widest customer base. Today, my guest is April Dunford, who has launched more than a dozen products and shares some of the biggest mistakes that startups, marketers, and entrepreneurs make with product positioning. Also, she’s the author of Obviously Awesome: How to Nail Product Positioning So Customers Get It, Buy It, Love It. April’s book describes her point of view on positioning and offers a step-by-step process to perfectly position your product or service. Career Change: Fake it til you figure it out. How hard can it be? Do it right, and the company grows quickly, gets acquired; you get bored and do another startup Definition of Positioning: How to win at doing something that a well-defined market cares about Perfect marketing execution won’t save you from weak positioning; marketing execution and results are only as good as positioning that feeds into them Who should decide the positioning for your product? Everybody Siebel Story: Too small to buy out beyond a billion dollars Positioning Pitfalls: People don’t do positioning deliberately; and when they try to fix it, they don’t follow a process but wing it or write a â€Å"Positioning Statement† Positioning Statement Components: Who’s your competitive alternatives? What are the unique capabilities or features that your product has? What’s the value that those features can enable for customers? Who’s my target customer? Is this a market that I’m going to win? Signs of weak positioning include: How a customer reacts to your product/service They compare you to a non-competitor; not in the right market Customer knows what you do, but not the value or why they should careLinks: April Dunford Obviously Awesome: How to Nail Product Positioning So Customers Get It, Buy It, Love It If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by April Dunford: â€Å"Not only is positioning a thing I should figure out, its potentially a super powerful thing.† â€Å"Two years after graduating from engineering, Im running this great big marketing team. Its global. I’ve got this giant budgeteven though I was completely unqualified for it.† â€Å"I focus on positioning, mainly because I think people do a really terrible job at positioning. Theres not many people that know how to do it right.† â€Å"A shift in positioning can totally result in a shift in the product roadmap, a shift in your pricing, a shift in a way you sell, a shift in your channels.† You see signs of weak positioning across your entire sales marketing funnel, but often the place where it’s most obvious is looking at how a customer reacts when they first encounter your product or your offering.

Final Strategic Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Strategic Plan - Research Paper Example Selection of Locations – a Great Strategic Importance The company has already taken a strategic decision to begin these outlets in the high-income Silicon Valley (Santa Clara County) region. The company will open at least two shops in San Jose, the epicenter of Silicon Valley that currently leads other towns in the US with the median household income in excess of $83,000. Moreover, the area has a strong population of over 1.5 million highly educated rich class Asians mainly from India, Pakistan, China, Korea, Malaysia who are most likely to patronage the products of the company without much inhibitions for they do not need any elaborate introduction to these tropical fruits as they have already consumed them in their life sometime in the past. Brand Strengthening – An Important Marketing Strategy The company has already planned to establish the brand mangoamla firmly across the region. High-profile publicity campaign will be organized through local newspaper advertiseme nts, distributing small booklets describing health benefits of these fruits – especially antioxidant richness, their applications and uses in ancient health system (Aurved) explaining how they tone up the body’s immune system. ... The company has decided to advertise on FM radio in San Jose targeting Asian population to make the brand a household name. Promotional Strategy through Discounts/Incentives Vending machines will provide a unique code on each bill generated by it. On citing this code, the customer can avail 15 percent discount on the next buy. This will also help record the repeat customers who visit the shops. Customer Satisfaction Enhancement Strategy Before launching the products officially, the company has decided to involve professional tasters. They will not only do taste-fixing but fine tune the flavors of the products so that they get prompt acceptance. It is very essential to satisfy the customers on taste. After deciding on the flavors, the products will be offered to the select class of people for their final feedbacks. The exercise is necessary and extremely important for immediate acceptance of the products after the launch to ensure that the market does not develop any bad reflection on the company’s products in the beginning itself. Customer Servicing with Minimal Wait Time Currently, time taken to service the customer is an important and critical criterion where satisfaction of the customer can be either won or lost. Products will be dispensed through vending machines in 300 and 400 ml measurements with automatic billing system and recording. The servicing time including billing and recording will not take more than 90 seconds. It is also in the interest of the company to serve as many customers as possible to enhance the revenue of the company and that is how selection of the vending machines has been done to ensure that products are dispensed in the minimal possible time. Environmental Protection – a

Bowlby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowlby - Essay Example This is where the process of coming up with the attachment theory came in. he watched the behavior of the children keenly and how they behaved when they were left by their mothers (Rachel 78). This theory of attachment came to bring confusion with another theory known as the behavioral theory of attachment which Dollard and Miller had come up with in the year 1950. The theory had underrated the bond of a child and a mother. The behavioral theory stated that the child became attached to the mother for the reason that the mother fed the child. Bowlby suggested that attachment was adaptive and it plays a major role in the surviving of the child. He said that the infants feel the need to be close to the people who take care of them when they are stressed up. The stages of attachment go by the age of the child. When the child is 3 months old most children respond well to all people that take care of them this is referred to as indiscriminate attachment. 4 months there is preference for certain people. 7 months preference to a specific person and after nine months there is multiple attachments where the baby becomes independent (Jerry

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay †¢ In 2006, the US based Starbucks Coffee Company, with over 11,000 stores in 36 countries was the No. 1 specialty coffee company in the world. †¢ Every week over 40 million customers visited Starbucks coffeehouses. †¢ After phenomenal success in the US, and revolutionizing specialty coffee culture, Starbucks undertook international expansion and popularized its specialty coffee worldwide. †¢ In the 1990s, Starbucks concentrated its expansion efforts mainly in Asia. The initial pages of the case delineate the origin and growth of Starbucks as a company and a super brand and the strategies adopted by it. †¢ In 2002, Starbucks announced that it was planning to enter India. Later it postponed its entry as it had entered China recently and was facing problems in Japan. †¢ In 2003, there was news again that Starbucks was reviving its plans to enter India. †¢ In 2004, Starbucks officials visited India but according to sources they returned unconvinced as they could not crystallize on an appropriate partner for its entry. †¢ In mid 2006, Starbucks announced that they were all set to offer the ‘Starbucks experience’ to Indians in the next 18 months. II. STRATEGIC POSTURE 1. MISSION. †¢ To inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. †¢ Expansion to Asia market 2. OBJECTIVES †¢ â€Å"We are looking forward to offering the finest coffee in the world, handcrafted beverages, and the unique starbucks experience† †¢ Our Coffee – â€Å"It has always been, and will always be, about quality. We’re passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this; our work is never done. † †¢ Our Partners – â€Å"We’re called partners, because it’s not just a job, it’s our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard. † †¢ Our Customers – â€Å"When we are fully engaged, we connect with, laugh with, and uplift the lives of our customers – even if just for a few moments. Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, but our work goes far beyond that. It’s really about human connection. † †¢ Our Stores – â€Å"When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores become a haven, a break from the worries outside, a place where you can meet with friends. It’s about enjoyment at the speed of life – sometimes slow and savored, sometimes faster. Always full of humanity. † †¢ Our Neighborhood – â€Å"Every store is part of a community, and we take our responsibility to be good neighbors seriously. We want to be invited in wherever we do business. We can be a force for positive action – bringing together our partners, customers, and the community to contribute every day. Now we see that our responsibility – and our potential for good – is even larger. The world is looking to Starbucks to set the new standard, yet again. We will lead. † †¢ Our Shareholders – â€Å"We know that as we deliver in each of these areas, we enjoy the kind of success that rewards our shareholders. We are fully accountable to get each of these elements right so that Starbucks – and everyone it touches – can endure and thrive. † 3. STRATEGIES †¢ International expand through joint ventures, licenses or by company own operation †¢ Building critical relationship to gaining additional market knowledge with government †¢ Consistency on service and product †¢ Postioning in Premium market 4. POLICIES †¢ India had embarked on a series of economic reforms since 1991 that had ersulted in higher growth rates, lower inflation, and significant increase in foreign investment †¢ Indian government permitted Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) up to 51% in retail trade of single-brand products with prior government approval. III. STRATEGIC MANAGERS a. BOARD OF DIRECTORS |Howard Schultz |William (Bill) Bradley | |Starbucks |Allen Company LLC | |founder, chairman, president and chief executive officer |managing director | |Robert M. Gates |Mellody Hobson | |former Secretary of Defense |Ariel Investments, LLC | | |president | |Kevin Johnson |Olden Lee | |Juniper Networks, Inc. |PepsiCo, Inc. | |chief executive officer |retired executive | |Joshua Cooper Ramo |James Shennan, Jr. | |Kissinger Associates |Trinity Ventures | |vice chairman |general partner emeritus | |Clara Shih |Javier Teruel | |Hearsay Labs, Inc. |Colgate Palmolive Company | |chief executive officer |retired vice chairman | |Myron Ullman, III |Craig Weatherup | |J. C. Penney Company, Inc. |Pepsi-Cola Company | |retired chairman and chief executive officer |retired chief executive officer | b. TOP MANAGEMENT Starbucks is realigning its top management to help drive its international growth, continued to strengthen Starbucks top management team, hiring people with extensive experience in managing and expanding retail chains. IV. 6F – 7S 6 FORCES 1. Customer bargaining power: The customer bargaining power of starbuck is actually low. It is because Starbucks able to satisfy the needs of the customers by providing various type of coffee and beverages. In other hand, Starbucks also fitting in with the beverages and food from each countries they are expand to, so that they dont have any problem in fulfilling the demand of the customers. 2. Supplier bargaining power: Starbucks get their coffee from South America and Indonesia mostly as their main supplier. Based on that the supplier bargaining power is also low since Starbucks demanding their own standard fof the high quality coffee and also another term that they set in order to sustain their products quality. 3. Other Stakeholder: The other stakeholder for Starbucks is basically come fro mthe government and the other social community. The government is only giving the regulation about the coffee shop, while the other hand social community mostly protest against starbucks about their products with high sugar and fat that can caused obesity and diabetes. But, the other stakeholder bargainig power is still low over Starbucks. 4. Substitute: The substitute for coffee as starbucks mostly offer as their own core products is low. It is because coffee is still favorable in some countries even though some parts in Asia prefer tea as their beverages, but Starbucks also could comply with it and keep growing and get profit from their coffee products. 5. New Entrants : For the new entrants for the same business area for starbucks is low. It is because some of the new entrants mostly can not compete with starbucks and mostly with small market share and retails. 6. Competitors between firms : As the competitors between firms for Starbucks is medium. The competitors is based on the India market. India has several coffee shop that provides the same services and products. Even though like that, Starbucks still get the upper hand on the situation, and for the American competitors, Starbucks has acquired some of their competitors, so that it wont affecting Starbucks. 7S analysis 1. Systems: Starbucks has their own system in servicing the customers. The system is the store is established closed to each otehr in a cluster of crowded places. Each of the stores will have the baristas (coffee maker) which are professional. The baristas will serve the customers. Beside that, Starbucks also prefer a non smoking area retail and not allowing the staff to use a high fragrance in order not to distrub the coffee aroma. 2. Style: The style of Starbucks is providing the coffee based on the italian style. They intent to make the coffee shop of Starbucks as the second home for the executive and also the other customers of their target market. They make the theme of the coffee shop as comfortable as in home with wooden decoration, opera and jazz musical which offer relaxing atmosphere. 3. Staff: As for the staff of Starbucks, it consists of 10,000 people that are spreading over 11,000 stores in 26 countries and it keeps growing from time to time as Starbucks are expanding their business to Asia. 4. Strategies: For the strategies of Starbucks. At first they open the retail of their shops in a cluster of a crowded and strategic places. This is for making a high barrier over the new entrants or competitors. Another thing that Starbucks also use the strategies of their theme that are different from the other coffee shop which is more like second home rather than juz for drink n go coffee shop. 5. Skill: Skills of Starbucks staf is on their baristas which is the professional coffee maker with talented and skillful ability in brewing the coffee. The baristas could make not only the plain coffee but also combining the art of design in the coffee they made as the decoration in order to make more prestige and value on their product. 6. Structure: Starbucks is lead by CEO and each or region also have their CEO that will responsible to the Starbucks in America. Beside that they also have the staff and baristas 7. Shared Value: The shared value of Starbucks is not to server and handle the coffee properly but also how to impart to customer, our passions for our products. Beside that the shared value of Starbucks is treating the customers very welll with the atmosphere of the shop so that they will feel like in second home situation. V. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT EFAS |External strategic factors |weight |rating |weight score | |OPPORTUNITY | |Expand the markets |0. 09 |4 |0. 36 | |To position Starbucks as a leader in a new industry, and in a sense, |0. 09 |4 |0. 36 | |educate a market about the quality of coffee, the experience and the | | | | |idea of Starbucks | | | | |India was ranked as the fourth largest economy in the world terms |0. 07 |5 |0. 35 | |purchasing power parity and tenth most industrialized country in the | | | | |world. | | | | | The middle class were increased in India |0. 1 |4 |0. 4 | |Drank coffee as a fashion statement |0. 07 |3 |0. 21 | | Growing interest in western consumer brand and luxury products |0. 06 |3 |0. 18 | |THREAT | | | |High competition |0. 1 |4 |0. 4 | |By 2002, Starbucks incurred huge losses in its Japanese operations |0. 06 |3 |0. 18 | |Another significant challenge that Starbucks could face was the |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 | |increasing rate of obesity in India | | | | |High rate of rent and cost labor |0. 06 |3 |0. 18 | | Asian people is tea drinkers |0. 07 |4 |0. 28 | |Included inadequate infrastructure, beraucracy, regulatory and foreign |0. 09 |4 |0. 36 | |investment control | | | | |Different culture, religion and regions |0. 09 |4 |0. 36 | |Total score |1 | |3. 77 |. Based on EFAS- IFAS analysis we thought that Starbuck should be on a growth strategy. Starbucks need to expansion to the Indian market and catch the opportunity by serving costumer needs because starbucks will be able to satisfy the desire for their coffee experience and build lot of stores to create brand awareness. Improve the network through creating joint venture with a lot of company in many specialties, like Maxim’s caterer, Beijing Mei Da Coffe Co. Ltd and Tata, and increasing quality and services. Using vertical growth in order to keep and improve its competitive position, control over scarce resource and guarantee quality. A. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Starbucks has soil, water, pest, waste and energy management B. SOCIETAL ENVIRONMENT Politic India had embarked on a series of economic reforms since 1991 that had ersulted in higher growth rates, lower inflation, and significant increase in foreign investment Economic Many different prices High rent and cost of labor in Japan By 2005, China contributed to little less than 10 % of the global sales of Starbucks and by 2008, Starbuck expected to derive 20 % of its revenue from Chinese locations Social culture High quality of service and customer satisfaction. In Italy, the decor of the store and the menu were covered based on feedback from customers Its employees were required to refrain from using strong perfumes that could adversely the aroma of its coffee Starbucks has forest and biodiversity conservation to workers welfare, living conditions, health, safety, etc In 2005, Starbucks announces plans to donate funds and supplies to the Hurricane Katrina relief effort Technology In 2004, XM Satelite Radio and Starbucks announced the debut the Starbucks â€Å"Hear Music† channel on XM Radio Environmental Starbucks has soil, water, pest, waste and energy management Legal. Starbucks licensed Marriot and Aramark to open Starbucks outlets Starbucks maintained a non smoking policy at all its outlets worldwide VI. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IFAS |Internal strategic factors |weight |rating |weight score | |STRENGTH | |The world’s No. 1 specialty coffee retailer |0. 1 |5 |0. 5 | |Has high quality of coffee |0. 2 |5 |1 | |Starbucks became the majority owner of its operations in Southern China |0. 08 |3 |0. 24 | |Has unique concept and atmosphere to create a new coffee experience |0. 1 |4 |0. 4 | |Has strict quality control worldwide so the taste remains the same |0. 11 |5 |0. 55 | |WEAKNESS | |Too many market |0. 08 |3 |0. 24 | |Starbucks was opening stores too close each |0. 1 |3 |0. 3 | |The no smoking policy made many competitors took advantage and included an |0. 15 |4 |0. 6 | |elaborate food menu with coffee and had separate smoking areas | | | | |Didn’t have own roasting in Japan |0. 08 |3 |0. 24 | |Total score |1 | |4. 07 | A. CORPORATE STRUCTURE Divisional structure B. CORPORATE CULTURE †¢ Commitment to quality †¢ Teach baristas not only to handle coffee properly, but also how to impart to customers our passion for our products. †¢ Opposed the concept of franchising †¢ Word of mouth promotion C. CORPORATE RESOURCES 1. Marketing: †¢ Expand the business to grow their market share in regional and global section †¢ Positioning in premium market. †¢ Extent product line portfolio. †¢ Promotional activities to create brand awareness and introducing Coffe with high quality 2. Finance: †¢ Creating strategic alliances by joint venture. †¢ Reduce the price but not below the competition level †¢ Making acquisition with some big companies 3. Operation †¢ Managing supply lines †¢ Creating more efficience resources 4. Research and Development. †¢ Developmnet of RD to create more innovative and unique products (food and beverags) 5. Human Resources †¢ Maintaining the baristas to serve the coffee without losing the quality of service. VII. ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC FACTORS A. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS |STRENGTH | |The world’s No. 1 specialty coffee retailer | |Has high quality of coffee | |Starbucks became the majority owner of its operations in Southern China | |Has unique concept and atmosphere to create a new coffee experience | |Has strict quality control worldwide so the taste remains the same | |WEAKNESS | |Too many market | |Starbucks was opening stores too close each other. | |The no smoking policy made many competitors took advantage and included an elaborate food menu with coffee and had separate | |smoking areas | |Didn’t have own roasting in Japan | |OPPORTUNITY | |Expand the markets | |To position Starbucks as a leader in a new industry, and in a sense, educate a market about the quality of coffee, the | |experience and the idea of Starbucks | |India was ranked as the fourth largest economy in the world terms purchasing power parity and tenth most industrialized | |country in the world. | |The middle class is increase in India | |Drank coffee as a fashion statement | |Growing interest in western consumer brand and luxury products | |THREAT | |High competition | |By 2002, Starbucks incurred huge losses in its Japanese operations | |Another significant challenge that Starbucks could face was the increasing rate of obesity in India | |High rate of rent and cost labor | |Asian people is tea drinkers | |Included inadequate infrastructure, beraucracy, regulatory and foreign investment control | |Different culture, religion and regions | SFAS. | | | | |duration | |Strategic Factors |weight |rating |weight score |short |intermediate |long | |S5 Has strict quality control |0. 12 |4 |0. 48 | | |X | |worldwide so the taste remains the | | | | | | | |same | | | | | | | |W2 Starbuck was opening store too |0. 1 |3 |0. 3 |X |X | | |close each other | | | | | | | |W3 The no smoking policy made |0. 13 |3 |0. 39 |X |X | | |many competitors took advantage and| | | | | | | |included an elaborate food menu | | | | | | | |with coffee and had separate | | | | | | | |smoking areas | | | | | | | |O2 To position Starbucks as a |0. 13 |4 |0. 52 | | |X | |leader in a new industry, and in a | | | | | | | |sense, educate a market about the | | | | | | | |quality of coffee, the experience | | | | | | | |and the idea of Starbucks | | | | | | | |O4 The middle class were increased|0. 1 |3 |0. 3 | |X |X | |in India | | | | | | | |T4 Asian people is tea drinkers |0. 14 |4 |0. 56 |X |X | | |T5 Included inadequate |0. 14 |4 |0. 56 |X |X | | |infrastructure, beraucracy, | | | | | | | |regulatory and foreign investment | | | | | | | |control | | | | | | | |total score |1 | |3. 81 | | | | Based on the SFAS table that have been created there are some strategic strong point from Starbucks such as they have a famous brand image with high quality of coffee with strict quality control. As for the weakness, they are opening store too close each other so it will make a strict competition between starbucks itself and make â€Å"self cannibalization†. Another weekness starbuck has The no smoking policy made many competitors took advantage and included an elaborate food menu with coffee and had separate smoking areas. Whereas that market are potential to gain profit. Based on BMJ (British Medical Journal) 154 million men and 41 million women in India are smokers. Based from the Strengths and Weaknesses that Starbucks have, there also Opportunities that Starbucks position as a leader in a new industry, and in a sense, educate a market about the quality of coffee, the experience and the idea of Starbucks. Second opportunities Starbuck has is the middle class are increasing in India and was estimated at around 250 million and was growing in double digits in urban and second tier cities. For the Threats that Starbuck might encounter if they want to expand in India Market are Asian people especially Indian are tea drinker and Included inadequate infrastructure, bureaucracy, regulatory and foreign investment control TOWS ANALYSIS | Internal factor |Strenghts |Weakness | | |The world’s No. 1 specialty coffee |Too many market | | |retailer |Starbucks was opening stores too close | | |Has high quality of coffee |each | | |Has unique concept and atmosphere to |The no smoking policy made many | | |create a new coffee experience |competitors took advantage and included an| | |Has strict quality control worldwide |elaborate food menu with coffee and had | | |so the taste remains the same |separate smoking areas | | | |Didn’t have own roasting in Japan | | | | | | | | | |Eksternal factor | | |. Opportunity |S-O strategy |W-O strategy | |Expand the markets |Creating Joint Venture with other |Develop niche product | |To position Starbucks as a leader in a new |company in many specialities |Maintaining the quality of product and | |industry, and in a sense, educate a market |Building critical relationship to |excellent services | |about the quality of coffee, the experience |gaining additional market knowledge |Separated room for smokers and elaborated | |and the idea of Starbucks |with government |food menu | |India was ranked as the fourth largest |. Consistency on service and product | | |economy in the world terms purchasing power |Postioning in Premium market | | |parity and tenth most industrialized country| | | |in the world. | | | |The middle class were increased in India | | | |Drank coffee as a fashion statement | | | |Growing interest in western consumer brand | | | |and luxury products | | | |Threat |S-T Strategy |W-T strategy | |High competition |Extend their product line portfolio |Promotional activities to create brand | |. By 2002, Starbucks incurred huge losses in | |awareness and introducing Coffe with high | |its Japanese operations | |quality | |Another significant challenge that Starbucks| |Reduce the price but not below the | |could face was the increasing rate of | |competition level | |obesity in India | |Match the coffee shop with the culture, | |High rate of rent and cost labor | |like they offer special Indian tea | |Asian people is tea drinkers | | | |Included inadequate infrastructure, | | | |bureaucracy, regulatory and foreign | | | |investment control | | | |Different culture, religion and regions | | |. †¢ Creating Joint Venture with other company in many specialities †¢ Building critical relationship to gaining additional market knowledge with government †¢ Consistency on service and product †¢ Postioning in Premium market †¢ Develop niche product †¢ Maintaining the quality of product and excellent services †¢ Separated room for smokers and elaborated food menu †¢ Extend their product line portfolio †¢ Promotional activities to create brand awareness and introducing Coffe with high quality †¢ Reduce the price but not below the competition level. |

Inferno as a Manifestation of the Pain of Dante Alighieri Essay

Inferno as a Manifestation of the Pain of Dante Alighieri Dante's "Inferno" was a great epic poem of the early Renaissance. It was known for its astute commentary on political and religious levels, both deeply woven into the work through allegory. "Inferno," written in 1314 by Dante Alighieri, was the first canticle of the "Divine Comedy." Dante called it a comedy both because of its happy ending and its style, "which lies between that of the tragedy and that of the elegy."(Vossler, 665) Although most respected writers of the time wrote in Latin, Dante wrote the "Divine Comedy" in the vernacular Italian language so that the common man could read it. The fact that this masterpiece was written in the vernacular helped elevate Italian as the written language of their new age. From the misery and corruption surrounding him in his beloved Florence, he wrote the comedy because he wished to show the path to goodness, the salvation of the human soul "guided by both reason and divine grace."(Vossler, 665) Dante intended the work to be read on three levels: literal, allegorical, and moral. The work was structurally written in eleven syllable lines grouped in threes to make interlocking tercets. The rhyme scheme that he created f!or this is called "terza rima"(Vossler, 664), which forms the words in the pattern aba-bcb-cdc-ded and so on. These are grouped into conceptual units of 150 lines each, called cantos. The entire "Divine Comedy" has one hundred cantos, consisting of one introductory canto and three "principal divisions"(Vossler, 664) or canticles of thirty-three cantos each. In the spring of 1265 Dante was born to a modest noble Florentine family called Alighieri. Even though they were nobles, the family had lost its riches and high social stature through the generations. His mother died when he was young and his father is not often mentioned. He received a careful education, although little of it is known precisely. His family's modest social standing did not prevent him from pursuing his studies. Dante probably studied rhetoric with the scholar Brunetto Latini, from whom he says that he learned "how a man becomes eternal"(Inferno XV line 85). As a young man, Dante largely taught himself how to write verse, but he also studied with the great troubadours of Florence, writing to them and circulating his own love lyrics. In 1295 he began an active ... ... lines 52-53). The most treacherous crime Dante accuses Boniface of comes out of the mouth of another damned soul. Directly saying the pope had sinned was not a wise thing to do, one could be called a heretic and be killed. This poor spirit, Guido, was a soldier whose duty was to militarily advise Boniface when he broke into war with the Colonna family in 1297. Guido was very ill towards Boniface, saying, "But for the High Priest - may he rot in Hell!"(Inferno XXVII line 70). He says about Boniface that "he, the Prince of modern Pharisees,/ Having a war to wage by Lateran -/ Not against Jews, nor Muslim enemies,/ Every foe he had was a Christian,"(Inferno XXVII lines 85-88). Guido charges the pope with waging war not against Jews or Muslims, but other Christians. "Inferno" was a manifestation of the frustration and pain Dante must have felt from the political and religious events of his day that exiled him from the city he so loved. Although Dante's journey took him through the depths of hell and expressed Christian beliefs about the afterlife, his thoughts were secular as he condemned one religious leader after another to the depths of the hell they had created for him.

Discuss the Reasons for, and Consequences of Social and Economic Groupings of Nations.

Discuss the reasons for, and consequences of social and economic groupings of nations. In this current generation exists a range of major trade blocks, for example: ASEAN – consisting of countries such as Laos, Malaysia and Singapore. However one of the most well known Trade blocs in the world today is the EU, which currently links together 27 countries.The reason as to which countries want to form these alliances with other countries is as they want to stimulate their economic growth via various methods, such as: making trade between the countries easier, thus increasing profits, allowing the free movement of labour and capital, and sharing knowledge thus allowing all members of the group to develop. There are different types of alliances that countries can form, the first of which is free trade areas. These are when countries remove all tariffs and quotas on trade between themselves, but keep the taxes for when countries outside of the trade bloc want to import into the grou p (e. g.NAFTA). The next type of alliance is common markets, which are like custom unions but also, allow the free movement of labour and capital – the EU once existed in this form. The final type are Economic unions in which members do all of the above but they also adopt common policies for the likes of agriculture, transport and pollution. The EU has currently adopted this format. Economic groupings do have a variety of advantages and disadvantages linked to them. Many humanitarians are in favour of social and economic groupings, as they believe due to an increased amount of international understanding, there is a greater chance of peace.Also, as trade barriers are removed, the economy of a country is allowed to develop which ultimately will cause a spiral of growth therefore resulting in better living conditions. In my personal opinion, trade blocs are ideal for people who find it difficult to seek employment in their own country, as they have the legal right to travel in to another member of the group and work there. This may cause conflict however as people in the country which is receiving migrants for work may believe that jobs they’re entitled to are being taken up, and for this reason, people may be against trade blocs.These benefits were apparent after the formation of NAFTA (The North American Trade Agreement) between the USA, Canada and Mexico. The gradual eradication of trade tariffs allowed the amount of trade to triple between 1993 and 2007 ($306 billion to $930 billion), with an increase in employment in the USA’s manufacturing industry due its expansion. As a result of Mexico’s participation in NAFTA, it received an increased amount of foreign investment, and so higher wages were paid to workers and there were increased sales from the agricultural industry.Similar benefits also applied to the European Union (EU). Trade has increased significantly between the European countries, which are part of grouping. In 1970 ju st over 12% of the UK’s GDP came from trade with European countries. After the UK joined the EU in 1973, this percentage rapidly increased: in 2002, around 23% of the UK’s GDP came from trade with EU countries. The EU also supports come industries; for example, it has the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which subsidises for EU farmers and adds import tariffs and quotas on agricultural policies outside the EU.This gives farmers a reasonable standard of living, secures food supplies and ensures a god price for consumers. There are other problems that social and economic groupings cause, and it is these problems that right-wing political parties such as the UK Independence Party (UKIP) will promote. These parties highly criticise groupings, as they believe they create a pressure on countries to adopt central legislation even though the country itself may not want to.Also, they believe that the elite countries of the group will hold a disproportionate amount of power thr ough voting systems and therefore there is a lack of equality. Finally, it is believed that these groupings tend to cause a loss of sovereignty and for this reason; decisions are centralized by what some perceive to be as an undemocratic bureaucracy. Critics of NAFTA pointed out that some Canadian companies had to close down as a result of competition from lower-cost USA firms.Furthermore, jobs were also lost in the USA as firms moved to Mexico – in my opinion, the main reason as to why companies moved to Mexico is because I believe they had the intention of exploiting the country due to its less stringent pollution laws. The EU, just like NAFTA has also had critics as it has had various negative impacts. For example, increased immigration within the EU has resulted in a lack of skilled workers in some eastern European countries because so many have moved to Western Europe to seek better wages.Furthermore, countries that are part of the EU have to share resources with each ot her – for example, countries joining the EU come under the Common Fisheries Policy, which means their fishing grounds become open to fishing by other member states. Overall it is clear to me that social and economic groupings are established in order to promote trade between its members thus allowing the development of the participating countries’ economies, and even though they do have their advantages, the groupings also has skeptics due to the drawbacks they create.

Texting vs. Calling

â€Å"Texting vs. Calling† The evolution of cell phones has changed the world socially. The creation of cell phones began in the 1840s, but the first phone did not come out publically until 1977 (â€Å"Cell Phones†). Majority of people today could not go a day without their phones. Now that phones are more portable, lighter, smaller, and easier to use, more and more people are upgrading and getting newer phones. Since the 1990s, cell phones have added new features to expand the way we communicate with others.With the new cell phones today, a person can do more than just make phone calls, he or she can text, instant message, and send emails. The two most common forms of communication through a cell phone are making a phone call and texting. Despite the fact that texting and calling have many similarities, they have many differences. Texting is when a person types a short message on a cell phone and sends it to another person with a cell phone. Texting allows more conveni ence because it is a faster way to get in touch with someone.There are a lot of people who will not even call on their phones, but will respond to a text immediately. Texting is more private. When a person is in a public place, he or she will not disturb others and no one would know what his or her conversation is about. An individual can also send a picture through a text. For example, instead of describing an item over the phone, a person can send a picture. We can see many useful things that texting bring to us. While texting, we can think clearly before we intend to say something.Once a person says something while on the phone, it is out in the open and he or she cannot take it back. While texting give us some time to consider carefully before saying what we think. This can cause less drama and fights. It is also more difficult to start a conversation by calling every time. Sometimes, texting will be good for explaining or saying sorry. Having conversations can either push peopl e apart or bring people together. Depending on how a person says it and what kind of tone he or she uses, results in the way others may react.As if cell phones weren’t already pricey enough, the cost to have text messaging and calling features can put a dent in his or her pocket. That brings up another difference between texting and calling. Texting on the mobile phone is less costly than calling. Students and younger teenagers prefer paying for text messages rather than phone calls, especially when they’re low on money and do not have a job. Unless a person has unlimited texting, it can range from ten cents up to about twenty-five cents a message. Calling can be between one dollar to a dollar and twenty-five cents.It all depends on the phone plan he or she chooses, but the cost of calling is still more than the cost of text messaging. Even when researching the statistics of calling and texting, people can come to the conclusion that more cell phone users choose textin g over calling. More and more people agree that texting is more fun and easier than calling. All of this texting activity has come at the expense of voice. Last year, teens texted instead of calling because it was fun. Now, more teens consider texting faster and easier than calling.Voice activity has decreased fourteen percent among teens, who average 646 minutes talking on the phone per month. Many adults over the age of fifty-five, on the other hand, prefer to talk instead of text. It is said that they communicate by calling more than teens do. If it seems like American teens are texting all the time, it’s probably because on average they’re sending or receiving 3,339 texts a month. It’s amazing at how many people use texting more than calling, but sometimes calling can do more than texting can. Texting can be short and sweet; however, most people think calling is more meaningful.Someone can pick up the phone, and say, â€Å"I love you, mom† or â€Å"I will have dinner at home, Dad. † Just by hearing his or her voice, the parent will feel more satisfied compared to reading a text message. By calling, cell phone users can talk with their friends comfortably and transfer their emotions to their friends naturally. Although both have their own value, I believe that calling makes people closer than texting. Besides, people just call for 911. If they try texting a message to 911, it won’t quite work out like they thought. I will say that some messages you shouldn’t reply to.Some messages are sent just to deliver information that the receiver needs to complete a task or something simple as a greeting or a farewell. Also think about the elderly, they are not used to the new technology that the new mobile devices offer, so most likely text messaging will be out of the question for them. A lot of elderly people have bad vision and won’t quite understand the different options and menus that a new mobile device has to offer. The simple task of texting could take them up to thirty or more minutes, and I’m sure this will become very aggravating.Cell phones can be very distracting. Both texting and calling while driving are dangerous, but texting is absolutely unacceptable and more likely to cause accidents. Cell phone users have to look down at the phone to text and call. While making a phone call, it takes less time to dial a number than it does to type out a sentence. Texting causes drivers to focus more on what a text message says rather than worrying about driving. Phone calls require drivers to focus on the phone to dial a number, but it’s not nearly as distracting as texting.Overall, there are different aspects to look at when choosing whether to call or text, but both are great ways to communicate through a cell phone. A text or call can let people know they are being thought about and send out a bit of emotion. They both have many similarities and differences, but I believ e the differences overcome the similarities and are more important. Works Cited â€Å"Cell Phones. † Cell Phone History. N. p. , 2008. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. <http://cellphones. org/cell-phone-history. html>. Texting vs. Calling â€Å"Texting vs. Calling† The evolution of cell phones has changed the world socially. The creation of cell phones began in the 1840s, but the first phone did not come out publically until 1977 (â€Å"Cell Phones†). Majority of people today could not go a day without their phones. Now that phones are more portable, lighter, smaller, and easier to use, more and more people are upgrading and getting newer phones. Since the 1990s, cell phones have added new features to expand the way we communicate with others.With the new cell phones today, a person can do more than just make phone calls, he or she can text, instant message, and send emails. The two most common forms of communication through a cell phone are making a phone call and texting. Despite the fact that texting and calling have many similarities, they have many differences. Texting is when a person types a short message on a cell phone and sends it to another person with a cell phone. Texting allows more conveni ence because it is a faster way to get in touch with someone.There are a lot of people who will not even call on their phones, but will respond to a text immediately. Texting is more private. When a person is in a public place, he or she will not disturb others and no one would know what his or her conversation is about. An individual can also send a picture through a text. For example, instead of describing an item over the phone, a person can send a picture. We can see many useful things that texting bring to us. While texting, we can think clearly before we intend to say something.Once a person says something while on the phone, it is out in the open and he or she cannot take it back. While texting give us some time to consider carefully before saying what we think. This can cause less drama and fights. It is also more difficult to start a conversation by calling every time. Sometimes, texting will be good for explaining or saying sorry. Having conversations can either push peopl e apart or bring people together. Depending on how a person says it and what kind of tone he or she uses, results in the way others may react.As if cell phones weren’t already pricey enough, the cost to have text messaging and calling features can put a dent in his or her pocket. That brings up another difference between texting and calling. Texting on the mobile phone is less costly than calling. Students and younger teenagers prefer paying for text messages rather than phone calls, especially when they’re low on money and do not have a job. Unless a person has unlimited texting, it can range from ten cents up to about twenty-five cents a message. Calling can be between one dollar to a dollar and twenty-five cents.It all depends on the phone plan he or she chooses, but the cost of calling is still more than the cost of text messaging. Even when researching the statistics of calling and texting, people can come to the conclusion that more cell phone users choose textin g over calling. More and more people agree that texting is more fun and easier than calling. All of this texting activity has come at the expense of voice. Last year, teens texted instead of calling because it was fun. Now, more teens consider texting faster and easier than calling.Voice activity has decreased fourteen percent among teens, who average 646 minutes talking on the phone per month. Many adults over the age of fifty-five, on the other hand, prefer to talk instead of text. It is said that they communicate by calling more than teens do. If it seems like American teens are texting all the time, it’s probably because on average they’re sending or receiving 3,339 texts a month. It’s amazing at how many people use texting more than calling, but sometimes calling can do more than texting can. Texting can be short and sweet; however, most people think calling is more meaningful.Someone can pick up the phone, and say, â€Å"I love you, mom† or â€Å"I will have dinner at home, Dad. † Just by hearing his or her voice, the parent will feel more satisfied compared to reading a text message. By calling, cell phone users can talk with their friends comfortably and transfer their emotions to their friends naturally. Although both have their own value, I believe that calling makes people closer than texting. Besides, people just call for 911. If they try texting a message to 911, it won’t quite work out like they thought. I will say that some messages you shouldn’t reply to.Some messages are sent just to deliver information that the receiver needs to complete a task or something simple as a greeting or a farewell. Also think about the elderly, they are not used to the new technology that the new mobile devices offer, so most likely text messaging will be out of the question for them. A lot of elderly people have bad vision and won’t quite understand the different options and menus that a new mobile device has to offer. The simple task of texting could take them up to thirty or more minutes, and I’m sure this will become very aggravating.Cell phones can be very distracting. Both texting and calling while driving are dangerous, but texting is absolutely unacceptable and more likely to cause accidents. Cell phone users have to look down at the phone to text and call. While making a phone call, it takes less time to dial a number than it does to type out a sentence. Texting causes drivers to focus more on what a text message says rather than worrying about driving. Phone calls require drivers to focus on the phone to dial a number, but it’s not nearly as distracting as texting.Overall, there are different aspects to look at when choosing whether to call or text, but both are great ways to communicate through a cell phone. A text or call can let people know they are being thought about and send out a bit of emotion. They both have many similarities and differences, but I believ e the differences overcome the similarities and are more important. Works Cited â€Å"Cell Phones. † Cell Phone History. N. p. , 2008. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. <http://cellphones. org/cell-phone-history. html>.

Alternative Dispute Resolution †ADR †Summary

Alternative Dispute Resolution – ADR – Summary Free Online Research Papers In Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), the informal dispute resolution process, each involved party mutually agrees to meet with a professional third party to constructively and efficiently resolve their dispute rather than go to court. Through ADR, the parties are encouraged to engage in negotiations that promptly lead to the resolution of their dispute. The most common forms of ADR are mediation and arbitration. Although ADR is usually conducted on a voluntary basis, sometimes the courts require it before the case is taken to court. Since the political and civil unrest in the 1960s, there has been a rapid growth of ADR in the United States. The new laws that protected individual rights and lack of tolerance for discrimination brought more people to lawsuits. The significant increase of lawsuits overloaded the court system with long delays. Mediation and arbitration became more popular as they alleviated some of the pressure on the court system. (Spangler, 2003) Today, ADR is used in several types of disputes in the United States. One example of successful conflict resolution involved the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NIBCO, Inc. This resulted in a $750,000 settlement in 1996. The dispute lasted over two years and was close to an administrative hearing and possible litigation. NIBCO is â€Å"a worldwide manufacturer of flow control products for residential, commercial construction, industrial, and irrigation markets.† (NIBCO, Inc., 2007, 1) NIBCO’s products are manufactured by pouring molten brass into sand molds. The sand is then contaminated with lead and cadmium leaching from the brass. At the facility in Nacogdoches, Texas, NIBCO added iron fillings to the sand and then disposed of it in a municipal landfill. Using the guidelines outlined in their toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, EPA determined that the sand was hazardous waste. EPA also concluded that NIBCO was in violation of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations since the sand was not treated with a permit. NIBCO disagreed. Their position stated that the sand’s treatment was part of the manufacturing process and not a waste; therefore, the treated sand was not hazardous waste. Under authority of RCRA, EPA filed an administrative enforcement action seeking injunctive relief and a $2.2 million penalty from NIBCO. Both sides prepared their case for an administrative law judge. As the hearing date approached, NIBCO was willing to change their treatment and disposal procedures. However, both parties could not agree on a penalty amount. NIBCO suggested mediation in order to avoid expense and the uncertainty of a hearing outcome. Since both parties agreed on Howard Seitzman as a mediator, EPA was agreeable to mediation. A one-day mediation session was scheduled. Progress during the first day of mediation appeared fruitless. As EPA attempted to compromise, NIBCO did not make motion toward a solution. At the end of the day, there was no resolution. After a few days, NIBCO contacted Mr. Seitzman with a settlement offer to be expressed to EPA. After several days of exchanges through Mr. Seitzman, EPA and NIBCO came to a penalty resolution of $750,000 in payments over a four-year period. Also, NIBCO agreed to remove the disposed sand from the municipal landfill and to install wells to monitor the landfills’ groundwater. Through the resolution, NIBCO encountered an added benefit: an arrangement with a copper smelting facility. Instead of discarding the waste sand in a landfill, NIBCO began to send its waste sand to the copper facility where it was used as a fluxing agent in the copper manufacturing process. Another positive outcome to the resolution involved the Sloan Valve Company as it was engaged in a similar dispute with EPA. After NIBCO’s settlement, Sloan agreed to settle and pay a penalty. (Kandell, 1999, 1) In an analysis of the effectiveness of the dispute resolution process in the NIBCO and EPA case, a positive outcome proved the effectiveness. Each party directly participated in the outline of the arbitration process through Mr. Seitzman and agreed on the definition of a resolution. With this type of involvement, each party had an increase of satisfaction to the outcome and increase compliance. Another beneficial factor was the speed of the proceedings as well as the savings in court costs. Due to an integrated approach through cooperation rather than competition, there was less escalation between parties as an agreement was reached. References Kandell, E. (1999, February 24). NIBCO Administrative Hearing Avoided Using Mediation. Retrieved November 4, 2007, from http://adr.gov/ces/cessuccess2.pdf NIBCO, Inc. (2007). About NIBCO. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from nibco.com/cms.do;jsessionid=VY6CIXgZPs6JruPqGEm5xg**.app1?id=4 Spangler, B. (2003, June). Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Retrieved November 5, 2007, from beyondintractability.org/essay/adr/ Research Papers on Alternative Dispute Resolution - ADR - SummaryDefinition of Export QuotasCapital PunishmentPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Fifth HorsemanQuebec and CanadaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office System

Purchasing a Rock Collection

Purchasing a Rock Collection Boxed sets of rock specimens can be a good start for a child interested in geology. These rock collections are handy, small, and not too expensive. Books, maps, a good rock hammer, a magnifier, and the guidance of local experts will take your child much further. But a modest rock set, especially one that includes a pamphlet and some basic information, is all you need to begin. The most important part of a boxed set is your personal commitment to the child; otherwise, the whole experience is sterile. Rock Collection Box Skip the fancy, intimidating wooden box; cardboard or plastic is sturdy enough. You can always buy a better box later, and more of them to fit a growing collection. Dont buy collections that are glued to a card, as it discourages close examination. A true geoscientist will pull the rocks off for hands-on learning. Other Items in the Rock Collection Many sets include streak plates and items to test hardness, like a glass scratchplate and a steel nail. Those are a plus. But the magnifiers that come with boxed collections are generally not trustworthy; they are the most expensive item and are the first place a dealer will cut costs. Children should have a decent 5x magnifier or loupe, purchased separately, that rewards them with a high-quality visual experience. If a pamphlet comes with the set, review it yourself in case the child needs help with it. Start Small You can get huge collections, but a box with about 20 specimens covers the most common rock types, with maybe a few extras for color or exotic interest. Remember, the point of buying a rock collection is the pleasure of learning to recognize, pursue and cherish the rocks found in your own outings.   Get Rocks, Not Chips A useful rock specimen is at least 1.5 inches or 4 centimeters in all dimensions. A proper hand specimen is twice that size. Such rocks are big enough to scratch, chip and otherwise investigate without spoiling their appearance. Remember, these are for learning, not admiring. Igneous, Sedimentary or Metamorphic Theres merit in getting a set of rocks that reflect your own region, but a set of exotic rock types might fascinate someone who travels or dreams of traveling. Are your local rocks igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic? If you dont know, its easy to learn yourself. Use an identification table to identify your rocks. A specialized rock collection would have fewer specimens than a general one, of course. Mineral Collection Rocks are more popular than minerals, and theyre easier to learn about, but for the right child, especially in a locality with notable mineral occurrences, a boxed mineral collection may be just the thing to start with. For most budding rockhounds, a mineral collection is the ideal second step after getting a rock collection. Becoming a real expert in rocks requires strong skills in mineral identification. Another aspect of mineral collecting is the possibility of visiting rock shops, near home as well as on the road, to buy more specimens inexpensively. Reading Matters A rockhound of any stripe must be able to read texts and maps as well as rocks. If youre buying a rock collection for a child, for best results be sure he or she is comfortable with print and has a basic grasp of maps. Without reading skills, a child will always be limited to gazing and dreaming. Scientists need to gaze and dream too, but they also must read, observe, think, and write. A rock kit is only a start.

Sarbanes Oxley and its Influence on the Finance and Information Coursework

Sarbanes Oxley and its Influence on the Finance and Information Technology - Coursework Example One reason for its significance is its scope along with the material shift it signifies in the balance of federal and state regulation of corporations. Historically, substantive regulation of corporate procedure and governance has been primarily the province of state regulation, while the federal securities laws have regulated disclosure. (Klimko, May 2004) The second reason is that SOX seeks to improve investor confidence by tightening government regulation of the accounting, reporting, and corporate governance practices of public companies. Many of the Act's provisions require the SEC to adopt implementing rules, and many rules have been adopted since the Act became law. (Klimko, May 2004) In this respect, positive changes are recorded in corporate auditing controls and compliance procedures. The Act also established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to regulate accounting firms who perform audits on the financial statements of publicly held companies. The board's mission is clear: to tighten accounting standards and restore confidence in the profession. Subject to direct SEC supervision, this body also is responsible for disciplinary action--everything from investigation to significant fines--against any company found in noncompliance with the Act. (Longnecker, 2004)As is generally the case with governmental intervention in the affairs of business, Sarbanes-Oxley has triggered many unintended side effects. Most experts agree that it has changed several facets of business, including the concept of the executive seat; the way honest, hard-working CEOs interpret their roles; and the methods scandal-weary boards use to operate and make decisions moving forward. (Longnecker, 2004) Further, the uncertainty surrounding the legislation's impact on auditing, financial reporting, executive loans, etc. has had a chilling effect on operations in boardrooms across the U.S. Leading decision makers at companies are, in many cases, so intently focused on legislative issues that they have been distracted from fully focusing efforts on their business' primary operations and creating shareholder value. Additionally, it is not just the CEO and CFO who are being asked to certify financial records and take on additional risks and responsibilities. Although not specifically mandated by Sarbanes-Oxley, many companies are r equiring certifications of financial results by their division presidents, department heads, and other senior management in an effort to comply with corporate governance and controls. As the process continues to filter down through the ranks, simply conforming with these laws could end up costing shareholders more than they ever thought possible. In essence, the ripple effect of Sarbanes-Oxley very easily could take businesses from a place of under regulation to one of overregulation, which can be just as dangerous for a variety of reasons.

Artistic Area Changing From 19th Century to 20th Century Essay

Artistic Area Changing From 19th Century to 20th Century - Essay Example During this era, Paris was reconstructed which can be termed as a symbol of a world of freshness in the field of art. This city acted as a cultural capital offering great chances to people who were interested in the field of art. Art training institutions came up and artists were able to travel all round Europe to widen their knowledge and ideas. Consequently, artists were able to reflect their own feelings and emotions through art such as poetry (Yanli 54). With the decline of the enlightenment age, philosophers and poets started to question the ideals of enlightenment such as science, rationality and logic. At this point, poets sought to find out if these ideas were good enough for mankind (Barrette 60). They did this through Romanticism and Idealism, which revolutionized their way of thinking completely. The two movements existed concurrently and were characterized by the nature of poets putting emotions and feelings before reason. The main aim of romanticism and idealism movement s was for artists to express what they felt inside regardless of the rational perspective of those feelings. This was mostly done in the expression of romantic feelings. The romantic period lasted approximately 25 years, and is still said to be the greatest movement in the field of literature. Some of the poems at this time included: A Brother in Need by Henrik Ibsen, The Dole of the King’s Daughter by Oscar Wilde and The Grave and the Rose by Victor Hugo (Monius 1406). A critical study of the three poems depicts a social satire expressing the oppression that existed in the field of love. Tillmann and Dowling (628) assert that romantic poets made nature to be central in majority of their works, where they used it metaphorically to represent human relations to one another. These poems expressed passion indirectly, hence readers were expected to imagine and read them with an open mind. The message in these poems was clear as it openly portrayed the heart to be central in our li ves. As a result, the way we relate with nature and other people is determined by our hearts, and it reflects our lives. Through these poems, the ego-centric nature of man is put forth, where people were ready to do anything to have what their hearts desired (Barrette 79). This perspective was later taken over by the rational perspective as poets changed their poetic styles. The 20th Century Artistic thought during the 20th century was highly influenced by science as it dictated almost every aspect of man (Yanli 55). At this time, nuclear weapons were being used during war, making people to adopt new ways of looking at life. The two major literary criticisms of this time were: modernism which was later followed by post-modernism. After the enlightenment era, the educated elite gained confidence within themselves as they were able to explain nature and science. However, the industrial revolution brought about its own evils, creating a feeling of resentment within poets, which was exp ressed through modernism (Tillmann and Dowling, 629). The social lives of people were affected with the subsequent urbanization, while the field of politics was marked by diverse views of capitalism and communism. According to Sacvan (574), during this era, American poets had dominated the field of poetry as they sought to give explanations to what was happening around the world. Some of the poems composed during this time include: Allen Ginsberg’

The importance of logistics to the operation of supermarkets Essay

The importance of logistics to the operation of supermarkets - Essay Example This is because if the products are not made available to these supermarkets, there would be no customers who will visit them in the first place. What this means in essence is the need to realize that supermarkets of today have to rely a great deal on how these logistics shape up the related avenues and how the same will mean success for the related domains. Internationally, logistics and transportation play a vital role in forecasting, production planning and materials planning as it is the bridge for all these things to occur in the first place within any supermarket chain. If any of these supply chain processes need to occur and that too in a quick manner, the need of the hour is to devise ways and means through which the logistics amongst the channel members speeds up and this is only possible if there is goodwill and understanding between the different parties who are at varied levels of the trade structure (Levy, 1995). They have to comprehend that the other party will profit t hem and thus the whole logistics process would automatically fasten up as a result within the supermarkets. ... drastically cut and there is a huge benefit for all the parties concerned and more than that the customers themselves as they are the ones who get the best value for money within the supermarkets. If they receive a competing product with the same quality and value levels but at a low price, they will definitely go for it and make it their habit to buy it from some other supermarket chain (Ebert, 1990). This would reduce costs as well as improve customer service because then this supermarket would think that if it provides better value for money, people will throng the supermarket for the goods offered by it and hence more sale will be made, both in the short term as well as in the long run. Thus it benefits both the parties – at the logistics level and the customers who come back and forth to buy the products offered by the supermarkets. A Rundown on Logistics and Different Activities The question here is as to how logistic activities could benefit the supermarket in the long run, we find that high level of service for the international logistic supermarkets needs to focus on the aspects related with doing the things right rather than just devising what has to be done. Onus should be on doing what exactly needs to be done for the betterment of the trade activities. They must build strong and solid relationships with the different channel members that include the distributors, wholesalers, retailers and other third party vendors. In doing so they ensure that they build strong rapport with them and all of them are linked in a web with each other (Varey, 2001). The support for each other stems from the fact that one party understands the concerns of the other one and hence tries to do its best to make the goods available within the supermarkets as and when the need

Helping Parents and Caregivers Fight Chilhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Helping Parents and Caregivers Fight Chilhood Obesity Essay Helping Parents and Caregivers in the Fight Against Childhood Obesity Young children acquire their knowledge through direct instruction, modeling, and experiences within their environment (Lanigan, 2010, p. # 369). Children who are obese are known to have lower self-esteem, and a higher risk of becoming drinkers, smokers, and/or socially isolated as they mature. Health concerns such as Cardiovascular Disease; Gall Bladder problems; Hypertension; and Sleep Apnea have all been associated with childhood obesity (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). Teaching portion control, implementing a healthy balanced diet, and adding in daily physical activities can help parents and caregivers in the fight against childhood obesity. Portion control is something that has to be developed from within a person. By introducing and practicing the use of healthy eating habits early in life, parents and caregivers are increasing the opportunities for a child to learn behaviors that can help them to develop a healthy life style. This type of life style can in turn increase the child’s chances of reversing or even preventing obesity. Teaching children to recognize what it feels like in their bodies when they are hungry or what could be called their hunger signals, while encouraging them to eat their food more slowly, and persuading them to stop eating when they feel they have had enough, even though they may still have food left over, are all ways of promoting healthy eating habits in children. The practice and observation of these skills will benefit children in their journey to a healthy life. Creating a healthy balanced diet can be a challenge for families. The convenience of the fast food industry has increased the challenge for families. Most families have parents or caregivers who work long hours and have little down time, causing them to â€Å"grab† dinner verses preparing it as was once the norm. In a balanced diet, the recommendation of carbohydrates is 45% to 50% of the total daily calories, while fat intake is at 30% to 35% (Philippas; Lo, 2005). Focusing on the right fats and carbs are of extreme importance. Making choices with fruits, vegetables, legumes, and healthier poly- and  monounsaturated fats, verses saturated fats and refined carbohydrates like white bread, refined sugar, soft drinks, cakes and candies, can dramatically assist in the battle against childhood obesity. While portion control and a healthy balanced diet are essential in the fight against childhood obesity, the benefits of physical activity should not be ignored. Exercise is a key component in the treatment and prevention of obesity in children (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). Exercise will assist in weight loss as well as improve metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, and has been known to have led to the lowering of blood pressure, along with reducing in depression, anxiety, and improvement of self-esteem (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). The obesity epidemic is being blamed for the rise in serious diseases and disorders (Robinson; Geier; Rizzolo; Sedrak, 2011). With this information of the multiple health concerns that have been associated with childhood obesity, parents and caregivers must be armed with education and resources to fight against this disease. Teaching portion control, implementing a healthy balanced diet, and adding in daily physical activities can help parents and caregivers in the fight against the disease known as childhood obesity.

Social and Economic Conditions of the Northern and Southern states in t

Social and Economic Conditions of the Northern and Southern states in the years 1820-1850   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early to mid 1800s the United States seemed to be split into two sections, the Northern states and the Southern states. Although they had the same flag, spoke the same language, and had the same president, the two regions seemed to be two separate countries, each one having different views and political opinions. But, because they were the same country, there were also many similarities. This mostly showed in the social and economic conditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economies of each region at the time where really only similar in that they were expanding and growing stronger. One way the two regions differed in economics was in the base of the economy. For example, the South’s economy was based on cotton farming, while the North’s economy was based on manufacturing. Because the South did not manufacture goods, they were forced to purchase finished products from the North- thus adding to the North’s economy. With the South’s money they would purchase cotton from the southern states. Also, in the South, there were little job opportunities for whites since slaves had the jobs in the field, unlike the North where jobs were abundant in factories for the unskilled workers. Many of these unskilled workers were immigrants from Ireland and Germany.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While on the topic of immigrants, this brings me to how the to areas compared and contrasted in their social conditions. In compariso...

Business Research Terms and Concepts Essay

Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 3 A. Determine which level of measurement— nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio—is used in the following examples. 1. The Association of Accountants is conducting a survey to determine the ranking of the top 100 accounting firms in the world. Ordinal 2. How many years did it take you to earn your college degree? Ratio 3. On a questionnaire which asks for gender, males are coded as 1 and females are coded as 2. Nominal 4. Respondents are asked to rate a list of high-tech companies as excellent, good, fair, or poor in terms of their service delivery. Ordinal 5. Cereal brands are arranged in an ordered sequence in which an equal interval exists between each point. Interval 6. Jake Locker averages 350 yards per game passing. Interval 7. The length of time it takes the winner of a marathon to cross the finish line. Ratio 8. Students are asked to rank computer manufacturers. Ordinal 9. The brand of charge card used by a customer. Nominal B. Which sampling method—simple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, convenience, judgment, quota, or snowball—is most appropriate for the following examples? Explain why. 1. The unemployment rate is calculated each month by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The survey consists of 50,000 households in about 2,000 counties and cities in all 50 states. Stratified. Because you are dividing into subgroups prior to sampling. 2. A researcher for Kraft Foods selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarkets chains within each state to call for a phone survey as test markets for a new cookie. Cluster. You are dividing into groups or cluster then taking a random sample. 3. A new product researcher would like to investigate the use of virtual teams. After conducting an interview with a manager, she asks for the names of other managers that use virtual teams. Snowball. You are using a small pool of subjects and generating more from them. 4. A news reporter asks people on the street their opinion about the president’s new bill. Convenience. There are some members of the population that have no chance of being selected and you are using readily available subjects. 5. Jamie select Denver, Colorado; Chicago, Illinois; and San Diego, California as test markets for a potato chip line base on her experience with these markets. Judgment. Because Jamie has used his or her own judgment to select the appropriate sample. 6. A researcher instructs field interviewers to interview customers of different cell phone companies in a nearby shopping mall so that they each interview 10 AT&T, 8 T Mobile, 6 Verizon, and 4 owners of other cell phone providers. Quota. Because there is a set requirement of the sampling pool. 7. The Consumer Price Index represents a sampling of 90,000 items from 364 categories, chosen from 20,000 retail stores in 85 geographically distributed areas that are chosen to be as similar as possible. Stratified. Because you are dividing into subgroups prior to sampling. 8. A finance professor wants to know how many MBA students would be willing to take a course in international finance this summer. She surveys students in the class she is currently teaching. Cluster because she is dividing all MBA students into a group and sampling her class. It could also be seen as Convenience because she is sampling a group that is on hand and there is a set that doesn’t have a chance to be selected (anyone not in her class).

Investigatory Projects

The problem, however, is that these chemicals are expensive and pose harm to the environment. This study aims to develop an environment friendly, safe, and effective yet cheap mosquito repellent by using weeping pillow leaves and pine cones. The activity is not success but it shows the different scientific processes to be followed in doing an experiment. Mosquitoes are one of the most harmful creatures In the world, not only to humans but also to other land vertebrates as well. They carry viruses that are sometimes fatal when transmitted to humans.Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes are common In are tropics (Merit Encyclopedia, 1969). Mosquito-borne diseases are transmitted to the body of the host through mosquito bites and contaminated food. The saliva of the mosquito is sometimes infected with pathogens. These pathogens are transmitted to the hosts when they are bitten by the mosquitoes. Common viral infections caused by Mosquitoes are more pronounced in the larval stages and can r esult from the ingestion of contaminated food. Mosquito- borne diseases include malaria, dengue or break bone fever, fallacies, yellow fever, and H- fever (Melts, et.AI,. 1971 Insecticides are recommended to combat these disease -carrying pests and â€Å"trouble makers. † Insecticides are widely used as chemicals In controlling pests, which are either organic or chemically synthesized. The plant kingdom is a vast source of naturally occurring and selective insecticides portions of plants such as the flower, leaves, steam, or roots (Colliers, 1972). Insecticides include nicotine, rotenone, preterits, and sabbatical. Some have been used by humans for a long time. As early assess, nicotine was used as an insecticide in the form of a crude extract from tobacco.Nicotine's alkaloid can be obtained from the leaves and stems of Nicotine Tobacco (Inupiat, 1976). Nicotine is harmful to humans though it doesn't effect the plants when applied . Rotenone, the most active of the six alkalo ids , is harmful to man but a very effective poison against various insects (Abbey, 1972). On the other hand , essential oils from eucalyptus and psychophysical were use as effective mosquito insecticide or repellent (Smith. 1996). A research made on the subject found that weeping willow (Saliva Babylonian) leaves contain essential oils similarly found in eucalyptus (Antonio, 1984).Pinups Insular, commonly known as Shaky pine, is found in Khakis hills and Motorman, in the hills of Burma and in Central Luzon. It is a valuable source of resin turpentine. It grows up to 15 m (1 50 feet) and has very fine, grass-like needles (Tree of the World). It contains alkaloid, which is an ingredient in most insecticides. A. Materials Half a kilogram of weeping willow leaves were gathered from the Philippine Science High School (SSH) campus. Two and Half kilograms of pine cones came from Baggie. B. Methods 1. Extraction and DistillationForty grams of weeping willow leaves were extracted five times for 10 hours using the sloshes apparatus and titleholder as the solvent. Then two kilograms were extracted in five occasions for 10 hours each using the same apparatus and Covent as the extraction for the weeping willow leaves. After each extraction, the solution was gathered, and distilled for an hour to obtain the extract. The extract was then stored in a cold place. 2. Culture of Wriggler Stagnant water was collected from the creek and from the SSH fish pond. The water was placed in basins and was left for two to three weeks.